In addition to discussing the testimony of “bit” players as well as “missing” witnesses – witnesses the state planned to call but didn’t – this chapter examines closely the testimony of two witnesses for the state, Kathryn Hrabluk and Elliott Hibbs, who were instrumental in showing that the superintendent’s finding of violation was prejudged and predetermined, revealing that the reasons offered by Horne and Huppenthal were pretextual. While there were not as many fireworks as the testimonies of Horne and Huppenthal, these were critically important in establishing the factual basis, which eventually led to the final ruling.

The overall prevalence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities in people with epilepsy is estimated at 30−50% and there has been a bidirectional etiological relationship proposed between epilepsy and a number of psychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, psychosis, and suicidality, evidenced in part by the increased incidence of these disorders both before and after epilepsy onset. Women with epilepsy (WWE) are at higher risk than their male counterparts for developing neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety, but also psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). This risk varies throughout their life span, due in part to the influence of sex hormones. Additionally, special treatment considerations must be made when treating these conditions pharmacologically at various reproductive stages.

The main aim of this paper is to show that the notion of the ’self-serving bias’, well established in social psychological research, may have an impact on the way in which speakers verbalise certain experiences. I hypothesise that this perceptual bias will interact with other factors; specifically, gender stereotypes (as defined by psychologists and linguists) and modesty (as defined in linguistic pragmatics). I present corpus evidence for the relevance of the self-serving bias and the complex interplay with gender stereotypes and modesty, based on variation between three different causative constructions (CAUSE, X MAKE Y happen, and X BRING about Y) as well as the use of the adverbs cleverly and stupidly. In both cases, my analysis focuses on the cooccurrence with personal pronoun subjects — specifically, differences in terms of person (first vs third) and gender (masculine vs feminine). The most general conclusion I draw is that cognitive (socio-)linguists may be able to formulate interesting new research questions based on concepts drawn from (social) psychology but that constructs developed within linguistics remain highly relevant as well.

Some epilepsy syndromes are more common in females such as genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) including juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). JME is also more frequently transmitted to offspring by the women affected with epilepsy than by men. Other epilepsy syndromes limited to females are frequently associated to pathogenic variants in genes located on the X chromosome such as Rett syndrome, CDKL5 deficiency disorder, subcortical band heterotopia, PCDH19 epilepsy and Aicardi syndrome. In this chapter we described these conditions and summarize the most relevant diagnostic features and treatment considerations. Recognizing these syndromes helps the clinician in selecting appropriate treatment, explains some spontaneous miscarriages and is a tool in counseling patients and family members about the risk of transmission. Genetic diagnosis can be made through several tests, with whole exome sequencing having the higher cost-effectiveness when compared to epilepsy panel and microarray. Treatment can be difficult and there might be some role for the use of Cannabidiol, Fenfluramine and Ganaloxone in some of these diseases. Advances in molecular genetics will likely lead to a better understanding of these epilepsy in women, and hopefully result in tailored precision medicine treatments.

UNIDOS was the center of the youth movement in support of MAS, and their takeover of the TUSD school board meeting (4/26/11) made national headlines. The students engaged in civil disobedience because the state found TUSD out of compliance and the school board was going to take the first steps toward eliminating the program without substantive public input. This chapter details those events from a firsthand account, the massive militarization of subsequent school board meetings (e.g., 150 armed officers, many in riot gear, at a meeting of 500 people), and the subsequent conspiracy theories that rose to prominence (e.g., that former Ethnic Studies professor Ward Churchill orchestrated the whole thing).

The operation of mapping (naturally occurring) continuous time/analog signals into (electronics-friendly) discrete/digital signals is known as quantization, which is an important subject in signal processing in its own right. In information theory, the study of optimal quantization is called rate-distortion theory, introduced by Shannon in 1959. To start, in Chapter 24 we will take a closer look at quantization, followed by the information-theoretic formulation. A simple (and tight) converse bound is then given, with the matching achievability bound deferred to Chapter 25.

This chapter provides a brief history of thinking about glory from Homer to Arendt. It begins with the “Achillean” conception of the term, which is focused on celebrating how rather than why one fights. We then contrast this idea with its “Periclean” counterpart, wherein glory is fundamentally moral and political. Next, we discuss Cicero’s classical account of glory. The Roman orator argues that civic pursuits are more worthy of glory than military ones, both because the former often make the latter possible and because they frequently are more closely aligned with the state’s true interests. Machiavelli is far more circumspect about the connection between personal virtue and glory. For him, an interest in glory is constitutive of competent leadership and the objects of glory are necessarily exalted: success in war, high diplomacy, or institution building on a grand scale. Hobbes’ emphasis is more psychological – our need for glory, he claims, makes us dangerous enough to each other to require the social mediation offered by the government. Finally, we consider the connection Arendt draws between a “Greek” understanding of politics, where the private realm is subordinated to public “action,” and the emphasis on immortality and permanence fundamental to the idea of glory.

It was proved by J. A. Chen and M. Chen that a terminal Fano three-fold X satisfies ${(-K_X)}^3\ge \frac{1}{330}$. We show that a $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial terminal Fano three-fold X with $\rho (X)=1$ and ${(-K_X)}^3=\frac{1}{330}$ is a weighted hypersurface of degree 66 in $\mathbb{P}(1,5,6,22,33)$. By the same method, we also give characterizations for other 11 examples of weighted hypersurfaces of the form $X_{6d}\subset \mathbb{P}(1,a,b,2d,3d)$ in Iano-Fletcher’s list. Namely, we show that if a $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial terminal Fano three-fold X with $\rho (X)=1$ has the same numerical data as X6d, then X itself is a weighted hypersurface of the same type.

Antiseizure medications (ASMs) have endocrine related side effects. Long term use of ASMs may result in menstrual irregularities, sexual dysfunction, anovulatory cycles, polycystic ovaries, and reduced fertility. Some ASMs also interfere with glucose and bone metabolism, as well as normal thyroid function. Other ASMs may result in syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) and hyponatremia. Epilepsy patients treated with ASMs are at risk for bone loss and fractures. This chapter explores the endocrine and hormonal effects of antiseizure medications.

A primary goal of prejudice and stereotyping research is to reduce intergroup disparities arising from various forms of bias. For the last thirty years, much, perhaps most, of this research has focused on implicit bias as the crucial construct of interest. There has been, however, considerable confusion and debate about what this construct is, how to measure it, whether it predicts behavior, how much it contributes to intergroup disparities, and what would signify successful intervention against it. We argue that this confusion arises in part because much work in this area has focused narrowly on the automatic processes of implicit bias without sufficient attention to other relevant psychological constructs and processes, such as people’s values, goals, knowledge, and self-regulation (Devine, 1989). We believe that basic research on implicit bias itself is important and can contribute to reducing intergroup disparities, but those potential contributions diminish if and when the research disregards controlled processes and the personal dilemma faced by sincerely nonprejudiced people who express bias unintentionally. We advocate a renewed focus on this personal dilemma as an important avenue for progress.

Progesterone and estrogen influence neuronal activity and regulate seizures in women with epilepsy. The reproductive cycle-linked fluctuations in these hormones alter seizure frequency and manifest as cyclic seizure exacerbation. This seizure precipitation is classified as catamenial when seizures occur exclusively during one phase of the cycle or seizure frequency double during one phase of the cycle compared to other phases. Studies in experimental animals have focused on understanding molecular mechanisms underlying the perimenstrual increase in seizures, which relates to progesterone and mid-cycle increase related to estrogen. These studies have revealed that progesterone could exert an acute anticonvulsant effect. However, after repeated administration in chronic epilepsy models, progesterone appears to have no effect or even worsened seizure frequency. The anticonvulsant effects require its metabolite allopregnanolone, with rapid actions causing potentiation of the GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission. On the other hand, the seizure-promoting effects rely on slower progesterone receptor-dependent enhancement of glutamatergic transmission. These complex and opposing effects help explain the unexpected lack of anticonvulsant efficacy of this hormone in a clinical trial and warrant the further characterization of the diversity of progesterone’s neuronal actions exerted through multiple cellular signaling molecules. In contrast to the dual effects of progesterone, estrogens, which peak in mid-cycle, primarily exert proconvulsant effects. Estrogens potentiate excitatory transmission. These seizure-promoting actions of estrogens are also evident in women with epilepsy, some of who may experience increased seizures during the follicular phase concomitant with the rising estrogen levels. Some of the neuromodulatory actions of estrogens are dependent on the activation of their cognate receptors, the estrogen receptors. The estrogen receptor block could exert neuroprotective and antiseizure effects.