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Protecting communications against forgery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 May 2025

J. P. Buhler
Affiliation:
Reed College, Oregon
P. Stevenhagen
Affiliation:
Universiteit Leiden
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Summary

This paper is an introduction to cryptography. It covers secret-key message-authentication codes, unpredictable random functions, public-key secret-sharing systems, and public-key signature systems.

Cryptography protects communications against espionage: an eavesdropper who intercepts a message will be unable to decipher it. This is useful for many types of information: credit-card transactions, medical records, love letters.

Cryptography also protects communications against sabotage: a forger who fabricates or modifies a message will be unable to deceive the receiver. This is useful for alltypes of information. If the receiver does not care about the authenticity of a message, why is he listening to the message in the first place?

This paper explains how cryptography prevents forgery. Section 2 explains how to protect nmessages if the sender and receiver share 128(n + 1)secret bits. Section 3 explains how the sender and receiver can generate many shared secret bits from a short shared secret. Section 4 explains how the sender and receiver can generate a short shared secret from a public conversation. Section 5 explains how the sender can protect a message sent to many receivers, without sharing any secrets.

Type
Chapter
Information
Algorithmic Number Theory
Lattices, Number Fields, Curves and Cryptography
, pp. 535 - 550
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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