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Sources and Select Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2025

Pauline Peretz
Pauline Peretz
Affiliation:
Université Paris 8
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A Black Army
Segregation and the US Military at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, 1941–1945
 , pp. 314 - 320
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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References

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources

Alkebulan, Paul. The African American Press in World War II: Toward Victory at Home and Abroad. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2016.Google Scholar
Bristol, Douglas, and Stur, Heather, eds. Integrating the US Military: African Americans, Women, and Gays since World War II. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, F. James. Who Is Black? One Nation’s Definition. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Frazier, Edward F. Black Bourgeoisie. Glencoe: Free Press, 1957.Google Scholar
Fredrickson, George M. The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American Character and Destiny, 1817–1914. New York: Harper & Row, 1971.Google Scholar
Gaines, Kevin. Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and Culture in the Twentieth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerstle, Gary. American Crucible: Race and Nation in the Twentieth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Giddings, Paula. When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1984.Google Scholar
Green, Adam. Selling the Race: Culture, Community, and Black Chicago, 1940–1955. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Hale, Grace E. Making Whiteness: The Culture of Segregation in the South, 1890–1940. New York: Vintage Books, 1998.Google Scholar
Johnson, Charles S. Patterns of Negro Segregation. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1943.Google Scholar
Jung, Moon-Kie. Beneath the Surface of White Supremacy: Denaturalizing U.S. Racisms Past and Present. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Katznelson, Ira. Fear Itself: The New Deal and the Origins of Our Time. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2013.Google Scholar
Kelley, Robert D. G. Race Rebels: Culture, Politics, and the Black Working Class. New York: Free Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Lucander, David. Winning the War for Democracy: The March on Washington Movement, 1941–1946. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mazon, Mauricio. The Zoot-Suit Riots: The Psychology of Symbolic Annihilation. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMillen, Neil, ed. Remaking Dixie: The Impact of World War II on the American South. Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Michaeli, Ethan. The Defender: How the Legendary Black Newspaper Changed America. New York: Houghton Mifflin, Harcourt, 2016.Google Scholar
Ndiaye, Pap. La Condition noire. Essai sur une minorité française (The Black Condition: Essay on a French Minority). Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 2008.Google Scholar
Odum, Howard W. Race and Rumors of Race: Challenge to American Crisis. New York: Negro University Presses, 1969 [1943].Google Scholar
Savoy, Lauret. Trace: Memory, History, Race, and the American Landscape. Berkeley: Counterpoint, 2015.Google Scholar
Sitkoff, Harvard. A New Deal for Blacks: The Emergence of Civil Rights as a National Issue: The Depression Decade. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Sklaroff, Lauren R. Black Culture and the New Deal: The Quest for Civil Rights in the Roosevelt Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, Patricia. Days of Hope: Race and Democracy in the New Deal Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Summers, Martin A. Manliness and Its Discontents: The Black Middle Class and the Transformation of Masculinity, 1900–1930. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Willis, Deborah, ed. Picturing Us: African American Identity in Photography. New York: New Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Wolcott, Victoria W. Race, Riots, and Roller Coasters: The Struggle over Segregated Recreation in America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Karen. Wartime Women: Sex Roles, Family Relations, and the Status of Women during World War II. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Bailey, Beth, and Farber, David. The First Strange Place: The Alchemy of Race and Sex in World War II Hawaii. New York: The Free Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Bérubé, Allan. Coming Out under Fire: The History of Gay Men and Women in World War II. New York: Free Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Blum, John M. V Was for Victory: Politics and American Culture during World War II. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1976.Google Scholar
Canaday, Margot. The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooke, James J. Chewing Gum, Candy Bars, and Beer: The Army PX in World War II. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Cooke, James J. American Girls, Beer, and Glenn Miller: GI Morale in World War II. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Jarvis, Christina. The Male Body at War: American Masculinity during World War II. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Kaplan, Alice. The Interpreter. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Kennett, Lee. GI: The American Soldier in World War II. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Koppes, Clayton R. Hollywood Goes to War: How Politics, Profits, and Propaganda Shaped World War II Movies: New York: Free Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Kruse, Kevin M., and Tuck, Stephen, eds. Fog of War: The Second World War and the Civil Rights Movement. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Kryder, Daniel. Divided Arsenal: Race and the American State during World War II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Litoff, Judy B., and Smith, David C.. We’re in This War, Too: World War II Letters from American Women in Uniform. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Lutz, Catherine. Homefront: A Military City and the American Twentieth Century. Boston: Beacon Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Meyer, Leisa D. Creating GI Jane: Sexuality and Power in the Women’s Army Corps during World War II. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Palmer, Robert R., Wiley, Bell I., and Keast, William R., United States Army in World War II, The Army Ground Forces: The Procurement and Training of Ground Combat Troops. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1991.Google Scholar
Roeder, George H. The Censored War: American Visual Experience during World War II. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Sparrow, James. Warfare State: World War II Americans and the Age of Big Government. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Stouffer, Samuel A., Suchman, Edward A., DeVinney, Leland C., Star, Shirley A., and Williams, Robin M. Jr. The American Soldier: Adjustment during Army Life. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1949.Google Scholar
Treadwell, Mattie E. The Women’s Army Corps. Washington, DC: Office of Chief of Military History, 1954.Google Scholar
Vuic, Kara D. The Girls Next Door: Bringing the Home Front to the Front Lines. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Winchell, Meghan K. Good Girls, Good Food, Good Fun: The Story of USO Hostesses during World War II. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Winkler, Allan. The Politics of Propaganda: The Office of War Information, 1942–1945. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Astor, Gerald. The Right to Fight: A History of African Americans in the Military. Novato: Presidio, 1998.Google Scholar
Booker, Bryan D. African Americans in the United States Army in World War II. Jefferson: McFarland and Company, 2008.Google Scholar
Dalfiume, Richard. Desegregation of the U.S. Armed Forces: Fighting on Two Fronts, 1939–1953. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Fletcher, Marvin E. America’s First Black General: Benjamin O. Davis, Sr., 1880–1970. Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1989.Google Scholar
Hargrove, Hondon B. Buffalo Soldiers in Italy: Black Americans in World War II. Jefferson: McFarland & Co, 1985.Google Scholar
Jefferson, Robert J. Fighting for Hope: African American Troops of the 93rd Infantry Division in World War II and Post-war America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, Carolyn. My Father’s War: Fighting with the Buffalo Soldiers in World War II. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Knauer, Christine. Let Us Fight as Free Men: Black Soldiers and Civil Rights. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kryder, Daniel. Divided Arsenal: Race and the American State during World War II. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Lee, Ulysses. The Employment of Negro Troops. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1994 [1963].Google Scholar
Lentz-Smith, Adriane. Freedom Struggles: African Americans and World War I. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lynch, Michael E. Edward M. Almond and the US Army: From the 92nd Infantry Division to the X Corps. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2019.Google Scholar
MacGregor, Morris J. Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940–1965. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1985.Google Scholar
MacGregor, Morris J., and Nalty, Bernard C., eds. Blacks in the United States Armed Forces: Basic Documents, Vol. V: Black Soldiers in World War II. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 1977.Google Scholar
McGuire, Philipp, ed. Taps for a Jim Crow Army: Letters from Black Soldiers in World War II. Santa Barbara: Clio Books, 1983.Google Scholar
McGuire, Philipp. He, Too, Spoke for Democracy: Judge Hastie, World War II, and the Black Soldier. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Mershon, Sherie, and Schlossman, Steven. Foxholes and Color Lines: Desegregating the U.S. Armed Forces. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Moore, Brenda L. To Serve My Country, to Serve My Race: The Story of the Only African-American WACS Stationed Overseas during World War II. New York: New York University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Morehouse, Maggi M. Black Citizen Soldiers. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.Google Scholar
Morehouse, Maggi M. Fighting in a Jim Crow Army: Black Men and Women Remember World War II. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.Google Scholar
Motley, Mary P., ed. The Invisible Soldier: The Experience of Black Soldier, World War II. Detroit: Wayne University Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Moye, Todd J. Freedom Flyers: The Tuskegee Airmen of World War II. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Salter, Krewasky A. The Story of Black Military Officers, 1861–1948. Abingdon: Routledge, 2015.Google Scholar
Williams, Chad L. Torchbearers of Democracy: African American Soldiers in the World War I Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Wynn, Neil. The African American Experience during World War II. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010.Google Scholar
Gamble, Vanessa N. Making a Place for Ourselves: The Black Hospital Movement: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hine, Darlene C. Black Women in White: Racial Conflict and Cooperation in the Nursing Profession, 1890–1950. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Lallemand-Stempak, Jean-Paul. Peaux noires, blouses blanches: Les Afro-Américains et le mouvement pour les droits civiques en médecine (1940–1975) (Black Skins, White Coats: African Americans and the Medical Civil Rights Movement, 1940–1975). PhD dissertation, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris, 2015.Google Scholar
Thomas, Karen K. Deluxe Jim Crow: Civil Rights and American Health Policy, 1935–1954. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Clarence McK. The Medical Department: Hospitalization and Evacuation, Zone of Interior. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, 1956.Google Scholar
Threat, Charissa. Nursing Civil Rights: Gender and Race in the Army Nurse Corps. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomblin, Barbara B. GI Nightingales: The Army Nurse Corps in World War II. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1996.Google Scholar
Horne, Gerald. Black and Brown: African Americans and the Mexican Revolution, 1910–1920. New York: New York University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Jacoby, Karl. Shadows at Dawn: A Borderlands Massacre and the Violence of History. New York: Penguin, 2008.Google Scholar
Jacoby, Karl The Strange Career of William Ellis: The Texas Slave Who Became a Mexican Millionaire. New York: W. W. Norton, 2016.Google Scholar
Luckingham, Bradford. Phoenix: The History of a Southwestern Metropolis. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Luckingham, Bradford Minorities in Phoenix: A Profile of Mexican American, Chinese American, and African American Communities, 1860–1992. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Melton, Brad, and Smith, Dean. Arizona Goes to War: The Home Front and the Front Lines during World War II. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shermer, Elizabeth T. Sunbelt Capitalism: Phoenix and the Transformation of American Politics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Cornelius C. Jr. Fort Huachuca: The Story of a Frontier Post. Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific, 2000.Google Scholar
Whitaker, Matthew C. Race Work: The Rise of Civil Rights in the Urban West. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Alkebulan, Paul. The African American Press in World War II: Toward Victory at Home and Abroad. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2016.Google Scholar
Bristol, Douglas, and Stur, Heather, eds. Integrating the US Military: African Americans, Women, and Gays since World War II. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, F. James. Who Is Black? One Nation’s Definition. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Frazier, Edward F. Black Bourgeoisie. Glencoe: Free Press, 1957.Google Scholar
Fredrickson, George M. The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American Character and Destiny, 1817–1914. New York: Harper & Row, 1971.Google Scholar
Gaines, Kevin. Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and Culture in the Twentieth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerstle, Gary. American Crucible: Race and Nation in the Twentieth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Giddings, Paula. When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1984.Google Scholar
Green, Adam. Selling the Race: Culture, Community, and Black Chicago, 1940–1955. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Hale, Grace E. Making Whiteness: The Culture of Segregation in the South, 1890–1940. New York: Vintage Books, 1998.Google Scholar
Johnson, Charles S. Patterns of Negro Segregation. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1943.Google Scholar
Jung, Moon-Kie. Beneath the Surface of White Supremacy: Denaturalizing U.S. Racisms Past and Present. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Katznelson, Ira. Fear Itself: The New Deal and the Origins of Our Time. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2013.Google Scholar
Kelley, Robert D. G. Race Rebels: Culture, Politics, and the Black Working Class. New York: Free Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Lucander, David. Winning the War for Democracy: The March on Washington Movement, 1941–1946. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mazon, Mauricio. The Zoot-Suit Riots: The Psychology of Symbolic Annihilation. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMillen, Neil, ed. Remaking Dixie: The Impact of World War II on the American South. Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Michaeli, Ethan. The Defender: How the Legendary Black Newspaper Changed America. New York: Houghton Mifflin, Harcourt, 2016.Google Scholar
Ndiaye, Pap. La Condition noire. Essai sur une minorité française (The Black Condition: Essay on a French Minority). Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 2008.Google Scholar
Odum, Howard W. Race and Rumors of Race: Challenge to American Crisis. New York: Negro University Presses, 1969 [1943].Google Scholar
Savoy, Lauret. Trace: Memory, History, Race, and the American Landscape. Berkeley: Counterpoint, 2015.Google Scholar
Sitkoff, Harvard. A New Deal for Blacks: The Emergence of Civil Rights as a National Issue: The Depression Decade. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Sklaroff, Lauren R. Black Culture and the New Deal: The Quest for Civil Rights in the Roosevelt Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, Patricia. Days of Hope: Race and Democracy in the New Deal Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Summers, Martin A. Manliness and Its Discontents: The Black Middle Class and the Transformation of Masculinity, 1900–1930. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Willis, Deborah, ed. Picturing Us: African American Identity in Photography. New York: New Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Wolcott, Victoria W. Race, Riots, and Roller Coasters: The Struggle over Segregated Recreation in America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Karen. Wartime Women: Sex Roles, Family Relations, and the Status of Women during World War II. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Bailey, Beth, and Farber, David. The First Strange Place: The Alchemy of Race and Sex in World War II Hawaii. New York: The Free Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Bérubé, Allan. Coming Out under Fire: The History of Gay Men and Women in World War II. New York: Free Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Blum, John M. V Was for Victory: Politics and American Culture during World War II. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1976.Google Scholar
Canaday, Margot. The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooke, James J. Chewing Gum, Candy Bars, and Beer: The Army PX in World War II. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Cooke, James J. American Girls, Beer, and Glenn Miller: GI Morale in World War II. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Jarvis, Christina. The Male Body at War: American Masculinity during World War II. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Kaplan, Alice. The Interpreter. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Kennett, Lee. GI: The American Soldier in World War II. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Koppes, Clayton R. Hollywood Goes to War: How Politics, Profits, and Propaganda Shaped World War II Movies: New York: Free Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Kruse, Kevin M., and Tuck, Stephen, eds. Fog of War: The Second World War and the Civil Rights Movement. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Kryder, Daniel. Divided Arsenal: Race and the American State during World War II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Litoff, Judy B., and Smith, David C.. We’re in This War, Too: World War II Letters from American Women in Uniform. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Lutz, Catherine. Homefront: A Military City and the American Twentieth Century. Boston: Beacon Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Meyer, Leisa D. Creating GI Jane: Sexuality and Power in the Women’s Army Corps during World War II. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Palmer, Robert R., Wiley, Bell I., and Keast, William R., United States Army in World War II, The Army Ground Forces: The Procurement and Training of Ground Combat Troops. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1991.Google Scholar
Roeder, George H. The Censored War: American Visual Experience during World War II. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Sparrow, James. Warfare State: World War II Americans and the Age of Big Government. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Stouffer, Samuel A., Suchman, Edward A., DeVinney, Leland C., Star, Shirley A., and Williams, Robin M. Jr. The American Soldier: Adjustment during Army Life. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1949.Google Scholar
Treadwell, Mattie E. The Women’s Army Corps. Washington, DC: Office of Chief of Military History, 1954.Google Scholar
Vuic, Kara D. The Girls Next Door: Bringing the Home Front to the Front Lines. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Winchell, Meghan K. Good Girls, Good Food, Good Fun: The Story of USO Hostesses during World War II. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Winkler, Allan. The Politics of Propaganda: The Office of War Information, 1942–1945. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Astor, Gerald. The Right to Fight: A History of African Americans in the Military. Novato: Presidio, 1998.Google Scholar
Booker, Bryan D. African Americans in the United States Army in World War II. Jefferson: McFarland and Company, 2008.Google Scholar
Dalfiume, Richard. Desegregation of the U.S. Armed Forces: Fighting on Two Fronts, 1939–1953. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Fletcher, Marvin E. America’s First Black General: Benjamin O. Davis, Sr., 1880–1970. Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1989.Google Scholar
Hargrove, Hondon B. Buffalo Soldiers in Italy: Black Americans in World War II. Jefferson: McFarland & Co, 1985.Google Scholar
Jefferson, Robert J. Fighting for Hope: African American Troops of the 93rd Infantry Division in World War II and Post-war America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, Carolyn. My Father’s War: Fighting with the Buffalo Soldiers in World War II. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Knauer, Christine. Let Us Fight as Free Men: Black Soldiers and Civil Rights. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kryder, Daniel. Divided Arsenal: Race and the American State during World War II. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Lee, Ulysses. The Employment of Negro Troops. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1994 [1963].Google Scholar
Lentz-Smith, Adriane. Freedom Struggles: African Americans and World War I. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lynch, Michael E. Edward M. Almond and the US Army: From the 92nd Infantry Division to the X Corps. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2019.Google Scholar
MacGregor, Morris J. Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940–1965. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1985.Google Scholar
MacGregor, Morris J., and Nalty, Bernard C., eds. Blacks in the United States Armed Forces: Basic Documents, Vol. V: Black Soldiers in World War II. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 1977.Google Scholar
McGuire, Philipp, ed. Taps for a Jim Crow Army: Letters from Black Soldiers in World War II. Santa Barbara: Clio Books, 1983.Google Scholar
McGuire, Philipp. He, Too, Spoke for Democracy: Judge Hastie, World War II, and the Black Soldier. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Mershon, Sherie, and Schlossman, Steven. Foxholes and Color Lines: Desegregating the U.S. Armed Forces. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Moore, Brenda L. To Serve My Country, to Serve My Race: The Story of the Only African-American WACS Stationed Overseas during World War II. New York: New York University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Morehouse, Maggi M. Black Citizen Soldiers. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.Google Scholar
Morehouse, Maggi M. Fighting in a Jim Crow Army: Black Men and Women Remember World War II. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.Google Scholar
Motley, Mary P., ed. The Invisible Soldier: The Experience of Black Soldier, World War II. Detroit: Wayne University Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Moye, Todd J. Freedom Flyers: The Tuskegee Airmen of World War II. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Salter, Krewasky A. The Story of Black Military Officers, 1861–1948. Abingdon: Routledge, 2015.Google Scholar
Williams, Chad L. Torchbearers of Democracy: African American Soldiers in the World War I Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Wynn, Neil. The African American Experience during World War II. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010.Google Scholar
Gamble, Vanessa N. Making a Place for Ourselves: The Black Hospital Movement: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hine, Darlene C. Black Women in White: Racial Conflict and Cooperation in the Nursing Profession, 1890–1950. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Lallemand-Stempak, Jean-Paul. Peaux noires, blouses blanches: Les Afro-Américains et le mouvement pour les droits civiques en médecine (1940–1975) (Black Skins, White Coats: African Americans and the Medical Civil Rights Movement, 1940–1975). PhD dissertation, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris, 2015.Google Scholar
Thomas, Karen K. Deluxe Jim Crow: Civil Rights and American Health Policy, 1935–1954. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Clarence McK. The Medical Department: Hospitalization and Evacuation, Zone of Interior. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, 1956.Google Scholar
Threat, Charissa. Nursing Civil Rights: Gender and Race in the Army Nurse Corps. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomblin, Barbara B. GI Nightingales: The Army Nurse Corps in World War II. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1996.Google Scholar
Horne, Gerald. Black and Brown: African Americans and the Mexican Revolution, 1910–1920. New York: New York University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Jacoby, Karl. Shadows at Dawn: A Borderlands Massacre and the Violence of History. New York: Penguin, 2008.Google Scholar
Jacoby, Karl The Strange Career of William Ellis: The Texas Slave Who Became a Mexican Millionaire. New York: W. W. Norton, 2016.Google Scholar
Luckingham, Bradford. Phoenix: The History of a Southwestern Metropolis. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Luckingham, Bradford Minorities in Phoenix: A Profile of Mexican American, Chinese American, and African American Communities, 1860–1992. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Melton, Brad, and Smith, Dean. Arizona Goes to War: The Home Front and the Front Lines during World War II. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shermer, Elizabeth T. Sunbelt Capitalism: Phoenix and the Transformation of American Politics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Cornelius C. Jr. Fort Huachuca: The Story of a Frontier Post. Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific, 2000.Google Scholar
Whitaker, Matthew C. Race Work: The Rise of Civil Rights in the Urban West. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007.Google Scholar

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