Lost In-between: Refugee Migration during the Holocaust

doi:10.1017/9781108900447.006

3 - Lost In-between: Refugee Migration during the Holocaust

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 May 2025

Michal Frankl

Edited by

Marion Kaplan and

Natalia Aleksiun

Show author details

Marion Kaplan: Affiliation:
New York University
Natalia Aleksiun: Affiliation:
University of Florida

Book contents

Get access

Summary

This chapter analyzes difficult to impossible attempts to flee the Nazi juggernaut, starting with early emigration from Germany, to later escapes from occupied lands. It discusses how class, age, and gender influenced Jewish chances for flight and addresses helping organizations and destinations.

Keywords

refugee refugee-regime family smugglers documents visa American Joint Distribution Committee Reich Association of German Jews HICEM Aliyah Bet

Information

Type: Chapter
Information: The Cambridge History of the Holocaust , pp. 53 - 67

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108900447.006 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Select Bibliography

Adler, E. R., Survival on the Margins: Polish Jewish Refugees in the Wartime Soviet Union (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 2020).CrossRef Google Scholar

Craig-Norton, J., The Kindertransport: Contesting Memory (Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2019).CrossRef Google Scholar

Dwork, D. and van Pelt, R. J., Flight from the Reich: Refugee Jews, 1933–1946 (New York, W. W. Norton, 2009).Google Scholar

Edele, M., Fitzpatrick, S., and Grossmann, A. (eds.), Shelter from the Holocaust: Rethinking Jewish Survival in the Soviet Union (Detroit, Wayne State University Press, 2017).Google Scholar

Holian, A. M., Between National Socialism and Soviet Communism: Displaced Persons in Postwar Germany (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 2011).CrossRef Google Scholar

Jünger, D., Jahre der Ungewissheit: Emigrationspläne deutscher Juden 1933–1938 (Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2016).Google Scholar

Kaplan, M., Hitler’s Jewish Refugees: Hope and Anxiety in Portugal (New Haven, Yale University Press, 2020).Google Scholar

Marrus, M. R., The Unwanted: European Refugees from the First World War through the Cold War, 2nd ed. (Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 2002).Google Scholar

Ofer, D., Escaping the Holocaust: Illegal Immigration to the Land of Israel, 1939–1945 (Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 1990).Google Scholar

Skran, C. M., Refugees in Inter-war Europe: The Emergence of a Regime (Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 1995).CrossRef Google Scholar

Strauss, H. A., ‘Jewish emigration from Germany: Nazi policies and Jewish responses (I)’, Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 25:1 (1980), 313–61.CrossRef Google Scholar

Strauss, H. A., ‘Jewish emigration from Germany: Nazi policies and Jewish responses (II)’, Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 26:1 (1981), 343–409.CrossRef Google Scholar

Ther, P., The Outsiders: Refugees in Europe since 1492 (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2019).Google Scholar

Trębacz, Z., Nie tylko Palestyna: Polskie plany emigracyjne wobec Żydów 1935–1939 (Warsaw, Żydowski Instytut Historyczny, 2018).Google Scholar

Ury, S., Goldin, S., and Spiro, M. (eds.), Jewish Migration in Modern Times: The Case of Eastern Europe (London and New York, Routledge, 2019).Google Scholar

Zahra, T., The Great Departure: Mass Migration from Eastern Europe and the Making of the Free World (New York, W. W. Norton, 2016).Google Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.