Figures
0.1Currents in axon no. 15 depolarized by 65 mV in a sodium-containing medium (top panel), sodium-free medium (middle panel), and sodium-containing medium (bottom panel).
3.1Ionic currents in response to different command voltages in sodium-containing (left column, a), sodium-free (middle column, b), and sodium-containing media (right column, c).
4.1Six-Unit Alley T-Maze, redrawn from Tolman (Reference Tolman1948, p. 193, figure 4).
4.2From H. C. Blodgett, The effect of the introduction of reward upon the maze performance of rats.
4.5Two competing bases of solving the problem of numerical identity.
5.1Curves illustrating separation of ionic current into INa and IK.
5.2Curves of potassium current against time for various strengths of depolarization.
5.3Left-hand column: a, b, c, time course of potential difference between external and internal electrode. Right-hand column: A, B, C, records of membrane current associated with changes in membrane potential shown in left-hand column
5.4Records of membrane current associated with depolarization of 97.5 mV lasting, 0.05 (A), 0.08 (B), 0.19 (C), 0.32 (D), 0.91 (E), 1.6 (F) and 2.6 (G) msec.
5.5A, membrane current associated with depolarization of 110 mV lasting 0.28 msec; nerve in seawater. B, same, but with nerve in choline seawater. C, membrane currents associated with an increase of 110 mV in membrane potential; nerve in choline seawater.
6.2Hermann’s explanation of the smudges at crossing points: There is more black in the circular region on the right than in the circular region on the left, so the region on the right has more brightening by simultaneous contrast than does the region on the left.
6.3In central vision, the relevant parts of the visual system are sensitive to smaller regions so that they do not differ in their generation of simultaneous contrast.
6.4Illustration of Spillmann’s hypothetical thinking regarding the Hermann grid illusion.
6.6Percentage distribution of responses for series A as a function of bar length (in min of arc).
6.7The Hermann grid effect weakens and finally disappears when the retinal image of the intersection is either too small or too large with respect to the perceptive field center.
6.8The magnitude of the illusion (abscissa) as a function of the number of regularly and irregularly placed intersections (ordintate).
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