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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2025
Who supplies and reliably secures energy at affordable prices has been a driver of global security. As the world moved from coal to oil and gas, and then to green energy sources, reliable access to fuel supplies remained the key geopolitical considerations. The critical materials and technologies needed for renewable energy generation, distribution, and storage remain concentrated among a few countries and companies. This creates dependence on countries that have them. The chapter highlights some major companies in the green energy sector, the challenges faced by them, and government policies that influence how they can function. Government actions influence market access, level playing field, investment security, and institutional alignment. Green energy companies have adopted various strategies to manage corporate nationality and geopolitical tensions, including reshaping country of origin, turning geopolitical rivalry into opportunity, diversification of supply chains, and corporate diplomacy.
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