Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-5b777bbd6c-sbgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-06-19T02:10:07.400Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 79 - Bones and Joints

from Section 11 - Diseases of Body Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 June 2025

David Mabey
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Martin W. Weber
Affiliation:
World Health Organization
Moffat Nyirenda
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
Affiliation:
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana
Jackson Orem
Affiliation:
Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala
Laura Benjamin
Affiliation:
University College London
Michael Marks
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Nicholas A. Feasey
Affiliation:
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Get access

Summary

Rheumatic musculoskeletal disorders encompass a wide range of disorders of bone, joints and surrounding connective tissue structures. Articular cartilage, synovium, joint capsule and bone are key structures in maintaining the integrity of diarthrodial joints. An insult to any one of the structures shown in Fig. 79.1 is often followed by secondary involvement of surrounding structures.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Adebajo, A, Gabriel, SE (2010). Addressing musculoskeletal health inequity in Africa. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken); 62: 439–41.10.1002/acr.20032CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adebajo, AO, Reid, DM (1991). The pattern of rheumatoid arthritis in West Africa and comparison with a cohort of British patients. Q J Med; 80: 633–40.Google ScholarPubMed
Adelowo, O, Mody, GM, Tikly, M. et al. (2021). Rheumatic diseases in Africa. Nat Rev Rheumatol; 17: 363–74.10.1038/s41584-021-00603-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Agarwal, SS, Phadke, SR, Fredlund, V, Viljoen, D, Beighton, P (1997). Mseleni and Handigodu familial osteoarthropathies: syndromic identity? Am J Med Genetics; 72: 435–9.Google Scholar
American College of Rheumatology guidelines for the initial evaluation of the adult patient with acute musculoskeletal symptoms. Arthritis Rheum; 39: 18.Google Scholar
Belachew, DA, Sandu, N, Schaller, B, Guta, Z (2009). Ankylosing spondylitis in sub-Saharan Africa. Postgrad Med J; 85: 353–7.10.1136/pgmj.2007.064717CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cassim, B, Mody, GM, Rubin, DL (1990). The prevalence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in African blacks. Br J Rheumatol; 29: 131–2.10.1093/rheumatology/29.2.131CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Courtney, P, Doherty, M (2009). Joint aspiration and injection and synovial fluid analysis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol; 23: 161–92.10.1016/j.berh.2009.01.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daniels, ED, Pettifor, JM, Schnitzler, CM, Russell, SW, Patel, DN (1995). Ethnic differences in bone density in female South Africans. J Bone Miner Res; 10: 359–67.10.1002/jbmr.5650100305CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erzer et al. (2020) Systemic sclerosis in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Pan African Medical Journal; 37: 176.Google Scholar
Essouma, M et al. (2020) Systemic lupus erythematosus in native sub-Saharan Africans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Autoimmun; 106: 102348.10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102348CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fanouriakis, A, Kostopoulou, M, Alunno, A et al. (2019). 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis; 78: 736–45.Google ScholarPubMed
Johansson, H, Dela, SS, Cassim, B et al. (2021). FRAX-based fracture probabilities in South Africa. Arch Osteoporos; 16(1): 51.10.1007/s11657-021-00905-wCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maritz, NG, Gerber, AJ, Greyling, SJ, Sandra, BB (2005). A radiological study of the rheumatoid hand in black South Africans. S Afr Med J; 95: 795–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Mathews, CJ, Weston, VC, Jones, A, Field, M, Coakley, G (2010). Bacterial septic arthritis in adults. Lancet; 375: 846–55.10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61595-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGill, PE (1995). Bacterial infections: pyomyositis. Baillières Clin Rheumatol; 9: 193200.10.1016/S0950-3579(05)80155-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mody, GM, Cardiel, MH (2008). Challenges in the management of rheumatoid arthritis in developing countries. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol; 22: 621–41.10.1016/j.berh.2008.04.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Njobvu, P, McGill, P, Kerr, H, Jellis, J, Pobee, J (1998) Spondyloarthropathy and human immunodeficiency virus infection in Zambia. J Rheumatol; 25(8): 1553–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Pettifor, JM (2004). Nutritional rickets: deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or both? Am J Clin Nutr; 80: 1725S–9S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petty, RE, Southwood, TR, Baum, J et al. (1998). Revision of the proposed classification criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Durban, 1997. J Rheumatol; 25: 1991–4.Google ScholarPubMed
Schneider, M, Manabile, E, Tikly, M (2008). Social aspects of living with rheumatoid arthritis: a qualitative descriptive study in Soweto, South Africa – a low resource context. Hlth Qual Life Outcomes; 6: 54.10.1186/1477-7525-6-54CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singwe-Ngandeu, M, Meli, J, Ntsiba, H et al. (2007). Rheumatic diseases in patients attending a clinic at a referral hospital in Yaounde, Cameroon. East Afr Med J; 84: 404–9.Google Scholar
Smolen, JS, Landewé, RBM, Bijlsma, JWJ et al. (2020) EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2019 update. Ann Rheum Dis; 79: 685–99.10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216655CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tikly, M, Navarra, SV (2008). Lupus in the developing world – is it any different? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol; 22: 643–55.Google Scholar
Usenbo, A, Kramer, V, Young, T, Musekiwa, A (2015). Prevalence of arthritis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE; 10: e0133858.10.1371/journal.pone.0133858CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×