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from Section 10 - Non-communicable Diseases
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 June 2025
Chronic and non-communicable disease encompasses conditions that are not caused by transmissible infections, have long-term health consequences and often create a need for continuing treatment and care. It is an imprecise term as many non-communicable diseases have an infectious cause, for example, rheumatic heart disease following Strep. pyogenes infection or the many cancers initiated by viral infections. Although covering a vast area of medical practice ranging from neurological conditions and mental illness to musculoskeletal disease and disability, four main groups account for 70% of deaths worldwide: cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes and cancer. Personal injuries – mainly due to road accidents, are usually included as an expanded definition, non-communicable disease and injuries (NCDI).
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