9 - Theoretical Approaches Concerning the Origin of Life

Summary

In this chapter, we explore theoretical aspects of the origin of life problem. Firstly, we address the Chicken and Egg problem referring to the “RNA world.” We explain a mathematical model of the RNA replication system introduced by Eigen and discuss the conditions necessary for self-replication, referring “error catastrophe.” As a potential solution, we discuss the “hypercycle,” alongside its vulnerabilities and the acquisition of evolvability through compartmentalization. On another front, we examine Dyson’s catalytic reaction system as an alternative hypothesis, showing that catalytic reaction networks capable of maintaining themselves and undergoing imperfect reproduction may have appeared first. We also refer to a simple model of polymer reactions, arguing that such autocatalytic reaction networks can stochastically emerge, as proposed by Kauffman. Furthermore, we describe a cell model featuring an intracellular chemical reaction network that divides based on its state, highlighting the universal nature of reaction dynamics in replicating cells and the power-law distribution of chemical abundance (Zipf’s law), which has been verified across many organisms. Additionally, we introduce the concept of “minority control” in catalytic reaction networks, which can carry primitive genetic information. Finally, we discuss perspectives on research regarding the origin of life.