OBJECTIVES/GOALS: - Illustrate findings of a translational science case study of multi-pronged research aimed at understanding of social determinants in health disparities and integrating patient-centered technology; - Illuminate translational mechanisms by analyzing and sharing research challenges, facilitators, and benefits. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Utilized novel TS evaluation methods and tools: - Translational Science Case Study protocol to examine translational path from innovation to practice, barriers and facilitators for that translational movement. - Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) Checklist for translational/research impact analysis. Triangulated diverse data sources: - Primary data: semi-structured interviews with research partners. - Secondary data: researchers’ grant applications, reports, and publications; public stories/news related to their research; scientific publications; organizational/policy documents; and interviews with research stakeholders featured in published sources. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Translational challenges include: culturally tailored education and outreach; data analysis and intervention planning; engaging community stakeholders in the development and implementation; addressing economic and resource-related challenges. Translational facilitators are: UMN CTSA funding and other support; access to data and resources; use of open-source materials; evidence-based/best practice approaches; diversity and collaboration between researchers, community organizations, healthcare providers; researchers’ drive to translate. The research contributes to community and public health, clinical/medical, and economic benefits, health equity advocacy, catalyzing further research, and public awareness. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The evaluation case study contributes to translational science by providing evidence and lessons learned related to translational benefits, challenges, and facilitators of community-based, patient-centered research bringing people, knowledge, and technology together and contributing to health equity.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Empowering the Participant Voice (EPV) is a 6-CTSA Rockefeller-led collaboration to developcustom REDCap infrastructure to collect participant feedback using the validated Research Participant Perception Survey (RPPS), demonstrate its value in use cases, and disseminate it for broad adoption. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The EPV team developed data and survey implementation standards, and specifications for the dashboard and multi-lingual RPPS/REDCap project XML file. The VUMC built a custom At-a-Glance Dashboard external module that displays Top Box scores (percent best answer), with conditional formatting to aid analysis, and response/completion rates. Results populate site dashboards, and aggregate to a multi-site dashboard for benchmarking. Results can be filtered by participant/study characteristics. Sites developed individual use cases, leveraging local infrastructure, initiatives and stakeholder input. Infrastructure and guides were designed for dissemination through public websites. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Five sites sent 23,797surveys via email, patient portal or SMS. 4,133 (19%) participants diverse in age, race, and ethnicity, returned responses. Sites analyzed their data and acted on selected findings, improving recruitment, communication and feeling valued. Aggregate scores for feeling listened to and respected were hight (>90%%); scores for feeling prepared by the consent process were lower (57-77%) and require action. Some groups experiences were better than others. Sites differed significantly in some scores. Dissemination of EPV is underway. Infrastructure and guides are downloadable free of charge, with advice from the EPV team. In 2023, a sixth site began piloting a lower literacy survey version and syncing data to the consortium dashboard. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The EPV RPPS/REDCap infrastructure enabled sites to collect participant feedback, identify actionable findings and benchmark with peers. Stakeholders and collaborators designed and tested local initiatives to increase responses and diversity, address disparities, and discover better practices.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Uterine fibroids (UF) are a significant public health concern with a lifetime prevalence of over 70% in all women, however Black/African American women (BW) are disproportionately affected by UF, and Hispanic/Latinas (HL) mostly understudied. Our goal is to investigate sociocultural influences on menstrual and UF experiences of BW and HL with UF. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We have taken a community engaged research approach and partnered with the Fibroid Foundation, a patient UF advocacy group. Following IRB approval, the study was advertised on the Fibroid Foundation’s various social media platforms, such as Instagram. Screening began on October 25, 2022, the screening survey included participants’ contact information, preferred time of contact, time zone, and confirming identifying as a BW and/or HL diagnosed with UF. Ensuring eligibility, we plan to conduct semi-structured interviews for participants. The interviews will be conducted via phone or video call based on participant preference. The interviews will be sent for transcription to an external HIPAA compliant vendor then analyze the interviews for a priori and new themes using traditional content analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: As of November 13, 2022, over 200 participants have completed the screening survey with a total of 133 (66.5%) being eligible to participate. The demographics are the following: 109 (82%) Black women, 14 (10.5%) Latinas, 4 (3%) Afro-Latinas, and 6 (4.5%) did not disclose ethnoracial identity. The participants were sent a consent form and will be interviewed. We anticipate achieving our goal of interviewing a minimum of 60 women for this study. Based on our previous research, we expect to find sociocultural influences leading to negative experiences of menstruation that affect access to care for UF. We also expect women will lack sufficient and accurate information regarding menstrual symptoms and UF. We additionally anticipate seeing delays in UF diagnosis. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: There is a need to discuss sociocultural influences around menstruation as negative perceptions lead to delayed diagnosis of UF and can be translated to other gynecological diseases, such as endometriosis and endometrial and ovarian cancer. This suite of female-specific conditions all share increased disparity in historically minoritized women.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: This work underscores the importance of judicious utilization of inpatient therapy services as a means to keep patients MORE independent and prevent readmissions OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We aimed to assess the potential over-utilization of physical therapy consults on a hospital medicine service using validated Activity Measure Post Acute Care (AM-PAC) score cutoffs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted a chart review of all patients admitted to the uncovered hospital medicine services at a large academic hospital for one year. For patients who had a PT consult at any time during their admission we obtained age, admission AMPAC score, and discharge destination. PT consults were considered ‘potential overutilization’ for AMPAC scores >/=19 based on previous studies validating this cutoff for predicting discharge to home. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize % of patients < 65 years old vs. >/=65 years and % of patients discharged to home vs. post-acute care. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine independent associations between age group, AMPAC group, and an interaction term (age group x AMPAC group) with odds of being discharged home. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of 6,634 patients admitted during the year, 58% (n=3582) had a PT consult. Mean age was 66.3 +/-15.4 and mean AMPAC was 18.3 +/- 5.3. Seventy percent were discharged home (N=2497). Using AMPAC of >/= 19, 55% of consults were ‘potential overutilization’. Patients <65 with AMPAC>19 represented 31% of PT consults. AMPAC>19 had increased odds of discharge home (OR 3.58 [95% CI=2.17 -5.91]; P<0.001) as did age <45 years (OR 1.81 [95% CI=1.09-3.00]; P=0.02). A significant interaction existed between all ages and AMPAC>/=19 (For age<45 OR 2.85 for discharge home [95% CI=1.37 -4.30] P=0.002; For age 46-64 OR 2.43 for discharge home [95% CI=1.37-4.34] P=0.002). Combining age with AMPAC>/=19 had additional predictive value for discharge home (Pr=89% [95% CI 81%-97%] using age<45 vs. (Pr=83% [95% CI 77%-90%]) using age<45 alone. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Many PT consults may represent potential over-utilization. Avoiding these could save hundreds of PT hours per year by conservative estimate. Combining age with AMPAC scores can help predict who may not require a PT consult. Reallocating PT resources to the patients who do require it can help prevent functional decline and readmissions.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: “Cure Quest” is an adventure quest game for mobile tablets that aims to teach the player about the complexities of discovery and development of new medicines. The game instills a sense of wonderment into the learning process, taking the player to a world of magic where a mysterious condition has affected the land and they must follow the steps of the discovery and development process to find a treatment. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The game is being developed through a collaboration between faculty and students at ISMMS and the Games and Simulation Arts and Science Program at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The first target audience is 2nd–3rd year medical students, with the future goal of adapting the game to a broader population. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The game is currently in development, but the project has yielded insight into the design process for serious games in medicine. We found that for a game of this type it is essential not just to have both designers and subject matter experts, but to enable cross-pollination of modes of thinking. Through multiple design iterations and focus groups, we found that a game design approach rooted in narrative and allegorical abstraction would have a better ability to engage the target audience than one focused only on realistic simulation. When complete, we anticipate that the game will improve understanding of the core concepts in drug discovery. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: If successful, the game-based learning approach can help fill key gaps in current formal medical and scientific training, as well as gaps in understanding among the general public. The design process serves as an informative model of evolving collaborative team science.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Our Goal is to enroll 500 students over 10 years into the CTSI 500 Stars Initiative. Student family members and community members are essential to career achievement and success; as such, the program also engages student families, along with key community members, as part of an Advisory Group, throughout the entire student experience. Besides programmatic and planning activities, students, family, and community members participate in our CTSI Community Engagement Science Café monthly series, where students may also present on a number of research and health-related topics of interest. The Advisory Group meets every 3–4 months in ensuring continuous engagement and overall program success. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Our Initiative takes both direct and supportive roles in offering 2 educational and training pathways; namely, our Summer Internship Program (6–8 wk duration) and our Students Modeling a Research Topic (SMART) Year-round Education Program (usually offered in Fall and Spring academic semesters) for high school students only. In the SMART Teams program, we work with regional public and private school districts to train science teachers, and assist them in developing and/or enhancing their science curriculum, thus creating pathways towards careers in translational science settings. Our aim is that students who participate in the year-round program (along with additional students) subsequently participate in our summer program. Therefore, overall program engagement is continuous throughout the year. In Summer, 2017 we engaged with well-established regional partners and collaborators (CTSI affiliated numerous public school districts, and community-based organizations) to move the translational workforce along existing regional diversity education and training pipelines. A Kick-off event was held on June 15, 2107 and attended by students and family members. We offered 6–8 weeks of hands-on experiences working with faculty researcher mentors and their research teams conducting real-life studies, in addition to professional experiences in research “support” settings, as well as in the community. We also developed established a “Summer” SMART (Students Modeling a Research Topic) Teams Program and a Summer “Advanced” SMART Teams Program, where a number of students were placed at 2 CTSI partner and collaborator institutions. The primary goal of the SMART Teams experience is to introduce students to translational science by building upon laboratory research to better understand clinical and community impact of disease within a patient population. Overall, internship sites included research labs, protein modeling labs, numerous research support settings, clinical care settings, and community sites for those students who were interested in population health sciences. In addition, students were offered career enrichment and professional development lunch and learn sessions, career panel sessions presented by long term, expert professionals in various fields translational science, and confidence building and networking sessions. Students also participated in a community volunteer day activity, a trip to the Chicago Science Museum, and numerous CTSI engagement activities (Science Cafés, simulation lab tours, etc.). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The 2018 year-round program will initiate in the Fall. Our 2017 Summer Internship Program received 192 students/trainees applications of whom 133 were underrepresented minorities (URMs). We enrolled 109 participants, including 83 URMs (84 high school students and 25 college students). A total of 53 Wisconsin high schools and 19 colleges and universities (local and out of state) participated. Students engaged in all activities as outlined in the Methods section. At the end of the summer program, students created and presented posters as part of the closing ceremony. Certificates of completion were given to the students by program leadership and the Al Hurvis/ADAMM leadership (program funding agency). Students wore white lab coats to create an atmosphere of cohesion and accomplishment. Parents and other family members attended the closing ceremony, demonstrating strong support for students and the program. Our anticipated results for CTSI 500 Stars Initiative is to increase diversity in the Translational Science Workforce via education and training of 500 high school and college students over 10 years. We will also remain engaged and track student’s various venues for at least 10 years to determine the outcome of their experiences towards careers in Translational Science settings. We will continue to engage community members and community-based organizations as collaborators and advisors to participate in every stage of our activities. Moreover, we plan to broaden our reach by establishing additional relationships with additional high schools and middle schools to further enhance the 500 Stars Initiative. In addition, we will develop metrics by which to measure the validity and success of our program. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The aim of the CTSI 500 Stars Initiative is to provide real-life, practical experiences in translational science settings as a part of our efforts to train and cultivate the translational science workforce, while also engaging patients, families and community members in every phase of the translational process. Targeting under-represented minority students contributes towards increasing diversity in the workforce. It is also our hope that by increasing URMs in the workforce, there will be positive impact on communities of color, with respect to increasing participation in their health care decision making and in clinical/translational research; thus, ultimately leading to better health outcomes in the communities we live and serve. Our overall framework is to engage, educate, enrich, empower, elevate, enable students towards careers in clinical and translational settings.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a cartilage destroying disease. We are investigating abaloparatide (ABL) activation of parathyroid hormone receptor type 1 (PTH1R), which is expressed by articular chondrocytes in OA. We propose ABL treatment is chondroprotective in murine PTOA via stimulation of matrix production and inhibition of chondrocyte maturation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: 16-week-old C57BL/6 male mice received destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery to induce knee PTOA. Beginning 2 weeks post-DMM, 40 μg/kg of ABL (or saline) was administered daily via subcutaneous injection and tissues were harvested after 6 weeks of daily injections and 8 weeks after DMM surgery. Harvested joint tissues were used for histological and molecular assessment of OA using three 5 μm thick sagittal sections from each joint, 50 μm apart, cut from the medial compartment of injured knees. Safranin O/Fast Green tissue staining and immunohistochemistry-based detection of type 10 collagen (Col10) and lubricin (Prg4) was performed using standard methods. Histomorphometric quantification of tibial cartilage area and larger hypertrophic-like cells was performed using the Osteomeasure system. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Safranin O/Fast Green stained sections showed a decreased cartilage loss in DMM joints from ABL-treated versus saline-treated mice. Histomorphometric analysis of total tibial cartilage area revealed preservation of cartilage tissue on the tibial surface. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that upregulation of Col10 in DMM joints was mitigated in the cartilage of ABL-treated mice, and chondrocyte expression of Prg4 was increased in uncalcified cartilage areas in ABL-treated group. The Prg4 finding suggests a matrix anabolic effect that may counter OA cartilage loss. Quantification of chondrocytes in uncalcified and calcified tibial cartilage areas revealed a reduction in the number of larger hypertrophic-like cells in ABL treated mice, suggesting deceleration of hypertrophic differentiation. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Cartilage preservation/regeneration therapies would fill a critical unmet need. We demonstrate that an osteoporosis drug targeting PTH1R decelerates PTOA in mice. ABL treatment was associated with preservation of cartilage, decreased Col10, increased Prg4, and decreased number of large hypertrophic-like chondrocytes in the tibial cartilage.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: We hosted the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Annual meeting virtually this year which resulted in positive feedback survey scores over 90% and an estimated 87% cost savings OBJECTIVES/GOALS: COVID-19 has forced many in-person meetings to become virtual, not unlike our 2020 Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute Annual Meeting. However, where anecdotal feedback has shown dissatisfaction with some on-line meetings, we were able to exceed our goals of engaging our audience, securing positive feedback and even saving money. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: More than 500 people attended the virtual 2020 Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (CTSI) Annual Meeting on September 11. The event had two plenary speakers and was completely online, utilizing both Zoom and Microsoft Teams to connect participants with the presenters. Brian Druker, MD, director of the Knight Cancer Institute at Oregon Health & Science University, was the winner of this year’s August M. Watanabe Prize in Translational Research. He gave the first plenary presentation titled, ‘Imatinib as a Paradigm of Targeted Cancer Therapies.’ Consuelo Wilkins, MD, Vice President for Health Equity at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, gave the second plenary titled, ‘Confronting Racial Inequities through Research.' Concurrent online breakout rooms hosted the live poster session. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Despite being conducted online, the virtual Indiana CTSI annual meeting registered more participants than in years past and secured high feedback scores of 90%, all while experiencing 87% cost savings over last year’s in-person meeting. By utilizing Microsoft Teams as a technology for attendees to the meeting to 'chat’ and 'network’ with one another during the poster presentations and virtual lunch break we were able to demonstrate the implementation of translational science through online plenary and general session presentations as well as the poster presentations. Mailing certificates to the poster winners in advance, allowed them to share their accolades with the audience by holding up their certificates once their winning posters were announced. An e-annual report also supported the success of the meeting. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: The cost savings and traditionally high feedback scores received through this year’s Indiana CTSI annual meeting, mean virtual meetings are a viable way to disseminate and implement translational science. In addition the 2020 Indiana CTSI annual report received a Gold MarComm award, providing third party recognition of its impact.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Large-panel genomic tumor testing (GTT) is a new technology that promises to make cancer treatment more precise. However, patients may have unrealistic expectations of its benefits. The goal of this project is to assess expectations for GTT among cancer patients in community oncology practices. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A survey assessing expectations of the benefits of GTT was administered to cancer patients participating in a statewide study of GTT implementation, prior to receiving test results. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to assess expectations and the factors associated with these expectations. The study sample (N = 1,139) consisted of patients with a range of cancer types (22% gynecologic, 14% lung, 10% colon, 10% breast,and 46% other malignancies). Mean age was 64 years (standard deviation = 11); 668 (59%) were women; 71% had no college degree; 57% came from households with less than $50,000 US dollars household income; and 73% lived in a rural area. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Generally, patients had high expectations that they would benefit from GTT (M = 2.81 on 0-4 scale) and positive attitudes toward it (M = 2.98 on 0-4 scale). Patients also had relatively poor knowledge about GTT (48% correct answers on an objective test of GTT knowledge). Greater expectations for GTT were associated with lower knowledge (b = –0.46; p < .001), more positive attitudes (b = 0.40; < .001), and lower education (b = –0.53; < .001). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This research suggests patients have high expectations that they will benefit from GTT, which is associated with low knowledge, positive attitudes, and low education. Interventions may be needed to boost understanding and moderate expectations, particularly for disadvantaged patients.

Objectives/Goals: To strengthen postdocs’ skills in developing and reviewing competitive proposals, advancing translational research by leveraging core facilities at Indiana University, Purdue University, and the University of Notre Dame, fostering collaboration, and preparing participants of the program for future funding success. Methods/Study Population: The Postdoc Challenge is a state-wide program for postdoctoral scholars across Indiana to gain hands-on experience in developing and reviewing competitive grant proposals. Participants compete for a $5,000 award to use any of the Indiana Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI)-approved core facilities. Through workshops and following NIH guidelines for the review process, participants refine their proposal-writing skills and serve as reviewers for peers’ proposals. The program is designed to support translational research, utilizing the core facilities at Indiana University, Purdue University, and the University of Notre Dame. Participants are trained in grant proposal writing, reviewing using NIH criteria, and engaging in peer discussions, developing critical skills necessary for future funding success. Results/Anticipated Results: Since its launch in 2014, the Indiana CTSI Postdoc Challenge has funded 54 postdoctoral researchers, with 276 applications reviewed. The program has strengthened participants’ grant proposal writing skills and peer review capabilities. Career outcomes include several postdocs securing assistant professor positions and other prestigious roles, such as an Associate Principal Investigator at the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, and a Toxicologist at the CDC. Participants also report enhanced collaboration, greater access to core facilities, and significant career advancement, including support for international postdocs seeking permanent residency. Discussion/Significance of Impact: The Postdoc Challenge has significantly improved postdoctoral researchers’ grant proposal writing and peer review skills, helping them secure faculty and research positions. By fostering collaboration across Indiana’s top universities and utilizing core facilities, the program accelerates translational research and career success.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The objectives of this study were (1) to examine research participant levels of satisfaction, experiences, and perceptions; and (2) to determine best practices for researchers for engaging research volunteers in clinical trials, and thereby reducing barriers to participation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A self-administered IRB approved survey on satisfaction and perceptions of research participants in clinical and translational studies was developed. The study questions were validated by 5 key informants from each of the 3 research centers who were asked to provide constructive feedback on the clarity and relevance of the questions. The final survey was a 25-item questionnaire that used a Likert scale and focused on 5 domains to reflect satisfaction with “Staff delivery of care,” “Environment,” “Center Operations,” “Study specific questions,” and “overall experiences.” Questions to reflect participant perceptions were open ended. A convenience sample of all participants currently enrolled in research studies at CTSA institutions (GU, HU, and MHRI) was obtained. In total, 131 participants completed the survey. Of these, 15 were “surrogate” partners. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Eighty-two (60%) of the participants were African Americans, 40 (29%) were Whites; 94 (67%) were first time study participants. Over 90% of those surveyed strongly agreed that they were “treated well,” that their “privacy was respected,” and that they “felt comfortable asking questions of the staff.” Eighty-four percent indicated they would participate in future studies while over 91% indicated they would recommend a family member or a friend. Only 46% of participants coming for their first research visit strongly agreed that the “compensation received was satisfactory.” However, 74% of participants returning for follow-up or who had been enrolled in a previous study felt the compensation was appropriate. Seventy-four percent of those enrolled for the first time indicated “knowing the duration of this study” as compared with only 38% of repeat visitors. When asked what they liked most about participating in a research study their primary responses were “contribution to science” and “knowledge about their diseases.” Conversely, when asked what they liked least about the study they responded that the blood draws were uncomfortable and there were often barriers to transportation and parking. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The results of this survey demonstrated that the majority of research participants rate their experience as highly favorable even among those who had never participated in clinical research previously. In some existing literature, it has been reported that financial compensation was a major motivation to participation in studies involving healthy volunteers. In this current study, however, financial compensation did not appear to be the primary motivation for participation. The participants’ at all 3 sites stated that the main reason for their participation was the increased knowledge about their disease and the contribution to science. Negative experiences cited were primarily discomfort with blood draw, transportation, and parking logistics. Most importantly, a majority of the participants stated they would participate in future studies and would recommend a family member or a friend for a clinical study. In our sample, there was no difference in the favorable ratings as determined by race/ethnicity. In conclusion, the findings of this study inform the community with regard to how the research participants rate their experiences, and thus motivate others to participate in clinical research. Reasons for participants to withdraw from trials may be associated to their dissatisfaction with a trial or with the study staff. Thus, the degree of satisfaction with the research staff and the trial itself is crucial to reducing drop-out rates and increasing compliance with study procedures. Hence participant satisfaction is key to increasing participation in clinical trials, particularly among African Americans and other racial and ethnic minorities.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Responsive infant feeding (RIF) promotes healthy dietary patterns and infant weight gain. Research is needed to assist caregivers recognize infant hunger/satiety cues and overcome barriers to using RIF. The Learning Early Infant Feeding Cues (LEIFc) intervention was designed to fill this gap by using a validated coaching approach to promote RIF. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Guided by the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT) model, this proof-of-concept study tests the feasibility and fidelity of the LEIFc intervention in mother-infant dyads (N=25). Study visits from the 3rd trimester of pregnancy to 4 months postpartum (PP) are conducted in family homes. Use of RIF via subjective (survey) and objective (video) measures is collected at 1 and 4 months PP. Prenatally written and video material on infant feeding and infant hunger/satiety cues is provided. At 2 and 3 months PP, coaching during a feeding session is provided by a trained interventionist using the SS-OO-PP-RR (super, Setting the Stage, Observation & Opportunities, Problem Solving & Planning, Reflection & Review) approach. Qualitative data on LEIFc are provided by the interventionist and participants. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: To date 25 dyads have been enrolled and 4 have completed all study visits. Preliminary analyses showed that subjective measure of awareness of infant cues increased post intervention (pre, M=4.38 vs post, M=4.63). LEIFc has been well accepted by participants including use of the SS-OO-PP-RR approach. Data suggests refinement to LEIFc is needed to include breastfeeding and mental health support as well as a longer duration of intervention through at least 6 months PP. An experienced interventionist is key to success of the research. All lost to follow-up (n=7) have occurred before the first PP visit suggesting that at study visit closer to birth is needed. Enrollment will continue through December 2022 and data collection through April 2023. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: After refinement, the LEIFc intervention will be tested in a pilot RCT. The long-term goal is to implement LEIFc in the curricula of federally funded maternal-child home visiting programs who serve vulnerable populations; those that often have infant feeding practices that do not align with recommendations and are less likely to use RIF.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To evaluate the extent to which the curriculum delivered via an innovative program, the Early Scholars Certificate in Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS) at the University of Iowa (UI), develops a translational science workforce pipeline by increasing awareness of and interest in translational science as a career goal for highly prepared undergraduates. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The CCTS’s objective is to increase the awareness of the philosophy and tools of translational science and to incorporate critical evaluation and self-appraisal of the translational aspects of a scholar’s own research. CCTS is a 16-semester-hour (sh) academic certificate program introducing translational science concepts and careers to undergraduate students. The CCTS is a selective program with requirements including a minimum GPA, minimum sh completed, completion of course prerequisites, and already engaged and supported by mentored research. The curriculum includes electives in the area of their research interests (6 sh); graduate level Epidemiology (3 sh); Biostatistics (3 sh); and 2 core Translational Research courses (4 sh total). The first core course, an Introduction to Translational Research, is a survey course providing students the opportunity to learn how translational research is conceived and developed. It is designed to instruct the student how to interpret their research in a translational T1 to T4 paradigm. The program’s capstone course, Practicum in Translational Research, provides undergraduate students the opportunity to address how their research experience translates into clinical practice. Student’s spend the majority of this course’s contact hours in a shadowing experience with a clinician in the area of their research. Students reflect on this shadowing experience and its relevance to their academic and professional goals. The students also spend time developing skills in peer review—not only learning to provide constructive feedback to other research professionals, but also how to receive and integrate the feedback. The course includes a mock research fair where both UI faculty and classmates provide feedback that is later integrated into their capstone projects—a poster presentation at the UI Carver College of Medicine Research Fair as well as a final translational paper. As part of the ongoing evaluation of the program and graduates, we examined the participant data, the course satisfaction with content, the change in understanding of translational science, and the intention to incorporate translational science into research and career goals. We also conducted course evaluation surveys and qualitative analysis of a focus group and interviews. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Since 2015, the CCTS program has introduced translational science curriculum to 20 undergraduate participants (men/woman 40%/60%; 5% Hispanic or Latino; 15% Center for Diversity and Enrichment Eligible). Areas of academic interest include: biology, genetics, engineering, bioinformatics, biochemistry, neuroscience, psychology, and microbiology. Graduates of the Certificate and degree program to date (n=8) have gone onto: Fullbright awards (1), medical school/Masters in public health (1), combined MD/PhD programs (2), biomedical PhD program (1), or currently work in translational science positions in industry (2). In questionnaire and focus group results, we found that in general, students reported increased understanding of the translational spectrum and felt the certificate program helped them clarify their educational or career goals. Data from both the focus group and the questionnaire demonstrate that students are strongly positive about the program in general, including its quality, faculty and guest speakers, structure, goals, opportunities, personality, and personnel. All students highly valued many elements of the program and each course, and particularly the opportunity for clinical shadowing. Among the questionnaire findings for 2016–17, all students (100%) rated program quality “excellent,” and 7 of 8 (87.5%) “strongly agreed” that they better understood translational science, that they saw themselves continuing in translational science research after graduation, and they were better able to communicate how their lab research fits within the translational spectrum. In each case 1 of 8 “agreed.” Participants also generally felt that their career goals had been affirmed or realigned, and that they were better able to communicate the meaning of translational science to multiple audiences. Responses on changes to career aspirations and plans were mixed, and are ambiguous. Questionnaire Item 4, “My UI curricular and/or co-curricular plans changed as a result of the CCTS program,” which had mixed responses, asked specifically about the CCTS program as a reason for change, but it is not clear if, whether, or how the program specifically wants to change curricular plans. In the focus group, students reported using their individual shadowing and lab experience in determining preferences and intentions about future career choices (e.g., whether or not to apply to medical school and/or pursue basic science research). Participants perceived the shadowing experience, complementing or contrasting their lab research, as particularly relevant in deciding about their future careers. Other themes that emerged from the focus group and/or open section of the questionnaire demonstrate the impact of various course elements on participants’ understanding of translational science and potential careers, including: quality of instruction, program and course content (including guest speakers, the shadowing experience, and the poster development process); the exposure to a range of possibilities along the translational spectrum and the expansion of ideas about what research could look like; the value of connections (to faculty, researchers and clinicians, and other CCTS students and alumni); the attributes of the cohort; and the “personality” of the program and personnel. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Developing a pipeline for translational science workforce development has been problematic because a lack of the understanding of the need of translational research and a structuring a time efficient program for early career clinical and basic scholars. Undergraduates making critical decisions about educational paths and career goals and plans may not be aware of opportunities in translational science or the type of choices they need to make to prepare for such opportunities. Our data demonstrates that CCTS was an effective way of introducing translational science concepts and career paths to undergraduate students and potentially a powerful way to encourage them to consider these career paths. Participants in our program improved their knowledge of the field and expressed interest and intention to incorporate translational science training into their career plans. However, improvements can be made in the CCTS program. Additionally, CTSAs should consider ways to incorporate findings like these into a wider sphere of training to help develop and strengthen a translational science workforce for the future. The exposure to a variety of translational science career possibilities and specialties was important to students. Based on both focus group discussion and questionnaire data, a few students did expand slightly their sense of career possibilities, but the larger benefit may be their concrete experiences that validate or solidify their interests, making them more skilled at talking about and supporting their career goals on applications and in interviews. Shadowing did not always encourage students to go into clinical medicine, but often solidified interests or leanings students already had, giving them a more grounded basis for refining their decisions. For some students, shadowing a clinician confirmed ideas of being a physician; for others, it steered them away from it. Some now found ethical challenges, bureaucracy, or emotional challenges daunting or newly necessary to consider before focusing on clinical careers. This may be just what students need at this point, and emphasizes for them the relation between different kinds of research and application within translational science. Our evaluation suggests that CCTS contributes to academic choices for career development and additionally can help attract highly skilled students into TS research, including students of color. Future work to evaluate CCTS impact on graduates’ career outcomes will inform the translational research direction and content. In terms of program design, it could be useful to build in multiple opportunities for students to understand the diversity of translational science careers and provide students more exposure to different possibilities in clinical and translational work.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This population-based study aims to assess the individual and collective relationship between TMA-associated metabolites and echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular diastolic function. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The study cohort consisted of 1,039 adult participants of the Bogalusa Heart Study (35.13% black, 57.94% female, aged 33.60 to 57.47 years). Left ventricular diastolic function was assessed via two dimensional and tissue Doppler echocardiography. Echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function included peak early (E, cm/s) and late transmitral flow velocities (A, cm/s), septal mitral annular velocity (e’, cm/s), left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT, ms), and peak early diastolic transmitral flow velocity deceleration time (DT, ms). Metabolomic analysis of fasting serum samples was conducted via ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Six metabolites in the TMA pathway, carnitine, choline, TMAO, betaine, ergothioneine, dimethylglycine, and two composite variables, the betaine/choline ratio as well as the weighted sum of the six TMA-associated metabolites (TMA score), were selected a priori and tested for association with echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function. Raw metabolite values were divided by their respective standard deviation to create an exposure variable for each individual metabolite. The betaine/choline ratio was calculated utilizing the raw value of each metabolite. The z-score method was used to transform the six metabolites to the same scale and these values were used to calculate the TMA score. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were employed to assess the relationship of TMA-associated metabolites with echocardiographic measures of diastolic function. Covariates adjusted for included sex, age, race, education, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, glomerular filtrate rate, body mass index, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, serum triglycerides, as well as blood pressure-, lipid-, and glucose-lowering medications. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: After stringent Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, four TMA-associated metabolites as well the TMA score were significantly associated with diastolic function. TMAO was inversely associated with IVRT (ß = −0.002 (0.00); p-value = 2.00E-03). Betaine (ß = 0.40 (0.08); p-value = 2.10E-07), carnitine (ß = 0.30 (0.07); p-value = 7.80E-05), dimethylglycine (ß = 0.27 (0.07); p-value = 3.00E-04), and the TMA score (ß = 0.10 (0.02); p-value = 3.40E-05), were positively associated with the septal E/e’ ratio. No significant associations were observed between metabolites or metabolite composite scores from the TMA pathway and the E/A ratio or DT. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This is the first population-based study to assess the role of TMA-associated metabolites in left ventricular diastolic function. Betaine, carnitine, dimethylglycine, and a metabolite score combining serum metabolites from the TMA pathway were positively associated with the septal E/e’ ratio, suggesting that a higher concentration of TMA-associated metabolites correlates with impaired diastolic function. These results suggest that both individual and grouped metabolites from the TMA pathway may serve as early biomarkers for pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction, an important causal factor for HFpEF. Future longitudinal, multi-omic studies incorporating microbiome, metabolomic and dietary analyses are needed to characterize the risk of ventricular diastolic function and HFpEF in the setting of exposure to TMA-associated metabolites.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Securing seed funding and external support can be a daunting process. Institutions are increasingly looks for quantitative assurance of impact and accountability. This study investigates factors predictive of seed funding selection, including pace of submissions as well as external support. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using Generalized Logistic Mixed Models (GLMMs), we model factors found to be predictive of researcher success, and model demographic factors as well, to understand the complex interplay of researcher background, professional networks and preparation, and researcher persistence. The following factors were modeled as potentially predictive of researcher success: faculty rank; co-PI; h-index; rate of application; prior award funding amounts; and research-focused social media posts. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: After effects are finalized, we expect that pace of seed fund applications and the strength co-PIs, as measured by h-indices, to be significant predictors of researcher success for both securing seed funding and external support. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies features associated with eventual research program success and can be used to support accountability and impact efforts at an institutional level. Research institutes strive to ensure equal access to these opportunities and train applicants to produce improved project proposals. Results from this study inform these efforts.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Mobile health applications are widely used by the public but vary in how they are classified and regulated. This study examines the evidence of the safety and efficacy of mobile medical applications specifically focusing on those that are used to manage diabetes. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To understand the current regulatory landscape of mobile health applications (mHealth apps) for diabetes, a literature survey was conducted using the Pubmed database. Top mHealth apps were identified by searching the Apple store website using 10 key terms associated with diabetes management applications. A maximum of ten results, when available for each key term, were studied by exploring the FDA databases to understand how the products were regulated and if any were subject to recalls. These selected mHealth apps were also searched on clinicaltrials.gov to see if there were ongoing or completed clinical trials and if the trials were designed to include efficacy and safety outcome measures. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of the 71 mHealth apps for diabetes management that were identified, 16 were regulated. These products spanned a diverse range of functions including device data and decision support systems. Although 11 had clinical trial data demonstrating efficacy, only 4 had data demonstrating both efficacy and safety. Two of the regulated applications were subject to product recalls due to programming errors that resulted in incorrect insulin dose recommendations. These two applications had clinical trials evaluating efficacy but not safety. The companies noted that the incorrect insulin calculation from their respective mHealth app could cause either a low- or high-impact hypoglycemic event. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: With little to no clinical trial data to support their safety and efficacy, mHealth apps in the diabetes marketplace pose risks for patients as evidenced by recent safety-related recalls. The results of this study indicate that these products may need to be more tightly regulated.

Accelerating innovation translation is a priority for improving healthcare and health. Although dissemination and implementation (D&I) research has made significant advances over the past decade, it has attended primarily to the implementation of long-standing, well-established practices and policies. We present a conceptual architecture for speeding translation of promising innovations as candidates for iterative testing in practice. Our framework to Design for Accelerated Translation (DART) aims to clarify whether, when, and how to act on evolving evidence to improve healthcare. We view translation of evidence to practice as a dynamic process and argue that much evidence can be acted upon even when uncertainty is moderately high, recognizing that this evidence is evolving and subject to frequent reevaluation. The DART framework proposes that additional factors – demand, risk, and cost, in addition to the evolving evidence base – should influence the pace of translation over time. Attention to these underemphasized factors may lead to more dynamic decision-making about whether or not to adopt an emerging innovation or de-implement a suboptimal intervention. Finally, the DART framework outlines key actions that will speed movement from evidence to practice, including forming meaningful stakeholder partnerships, designing innovations for D&I, and engaging in a learning health system.

Introduction. Family health history (FHx) is an important factor in breast and ovarian cancer risk assessment. As such, multiple risk prediction models rely strongly on FHx data when identifying a patient’s risk. These models were developed using verified information and when translated into a clinical setting assume that a patient’s FHx is accurate and complete. However, FHx information collected in a typical clinical setting is known to be imprecise and it is not well understood how this uncertainty may affect predictions in clinical settings. Methods. Using Monte Carlo simulations and existing measurements of uncertainty of self-reported FHx, we show how uncertainty in FHx information can alter risk classification when used in typical clinical settings. Results. We found that various models ranged from 52% to 64% for correct tier-level classification of pedigrees under a set of contrived uncertain conditions, but that significant misclassification are not negligible. Conclusions. Our work implies that (i) uncertainty quantification needs to be considered when transferring tools from a controlled research environment to a more uncertain environment (i.e, a health clinic) and (ii) better FHx collection methods are needed to reduce uncertainty in breast cancer risk prediction in clinical settings.