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Feeding weanling piglets for optimal health and performance: what can we learn from research on complex diets?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2025

Bruno B Carnino Open the ORCID record for Bruno B Carnino [Opens in a new window] ,
Bruno BD Muro Open the ORCID record for Bruno BD Muro [Opens in a new window] ,
Rafaella F Carnevale Open the ORCID record for Rafaella F Carnevale [Opens in a new window] ,
Flávio A Coelho ,
Caio A da Silva Open the ORCID record for Caio A da Silva [Opens in a new window] ,
Ines Andretta Open the ORCID record for Ines Andretta [Opens in a new window] ,
Sam Millet Open the ORCID record for Sam Millet [Opens in a new window]  and
Cesar AP Garbossa Open the ORCID record for Cesar AP Garbossa [Opens in a new window]
Bruno B Carnino
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
Bruno BD Muro
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
Rafaella F Carnevale
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Pirassununga, SP, Brazil Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ILVO (Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food), Melle, Belgium
Flávio A Coelho
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
Caio A da Silva
Affiliation:
Department Animal Science, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
Ines Andretta
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, School of Agronomy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil
Sam Millet
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ILVO (Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food), Melle, Belgium
Cesar AP Garbossa*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
*
Corresponding author: Cesar AP Garbossa; Email: cgarbossa@usp.br
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Abstract

Weaning and introduction to a solid diet result in physiological stress in piglets. This can be offset by using complex diets. The terms ‘complexity’ and ‘complex diets’ are used in practice and academia but are not precisely defined. The aim of this review was to identify the ingredients in weaner diets, their inclusion levels and how the number of ingredients or complexity of diets influences weaner performance, intestinal and systemic health, environmental sustainability and antibiotic use. Not all diets are formulated equally. Some prioritise meeting the weaner’s nutritional needs, while other diets seek to align health promotion and adaptation to the environment. As diet composition is of vital importance for young piglets, the components needed in these complex diets must be defined. Healthy, environmentally adapted pigs have excellent growth performance. We therefore recommend use of a new term, ‘gut health supporting diets’, to encompass the many concepts associated with diet complexity.

Keywords

digestibilitygut healthingredientsnurserynutritionswine
Type
Review Article
Information
Nutrition Research Reviews , First View , pp. 1 - 22
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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