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Chapter 11 - Measurable Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2025

By
Jacqueline Cloos ,
Angèle Kelder ,
Dave de Leeuw  and
Costa Bachas
Edited by
Anna Porwit  and
Marie Christine Béné
Anna Porwit
Affiliation:
Lunds Universitet, Sweden
Marie Christine Béné
Affiliation:
Université de Nantes, France
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Summary

Measurable residual disease (MRD) is an established prognostic factor after induction chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Over the past decades, molecular and flow cytometry-based assays have been optimized to provide highly specific and sensitive MRD assessment that is clinically validated. Flow cytometry is an accessible technique available in most clinical diagnostic laboratories worldwide and has the advantage of being applicable in approximately 90% of patients. Here, the essential aspects of flow cytometry-based MRD assessment are discussed, focusing on the identification of leukaemic cells using leukaemia associated immunophenotypes. Analysis, detection limits of the assay, reporting of results and current clinical applications are also reviewed. Additionally, limitations of the assay will be discussed, including the future perspective of flow cytometry-based MRD assessment.

Keywords

flow cytometryacute myeloid leukemiameasurable/minimal residual diseaseleukemia-associated immunophenotype (LAIP)different from normal (DfN)gating strategiesprognosistreatmentartificial intelligenceleukemia stem cells
Type
Chapter
Information
Multiparameter Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Hematologic Malignancies , pp. 174 - 192
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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