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Chapter 12 - Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

from Section 3

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2021

By
Kha Tran  and
Holly Hedrick
Edited by
Olutoyin A. Olutoye
Olutoyin A. Olutoye
Affiliation:
Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Illinois
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Summary

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a common tumor of the neonatal period. Prenatal diagnosis of SCT carries a high mortality rate because of the potential for high output heart failure and hydrops. Tumors can also rupture, leading to severe anemia and death. The mother’s health is also at risk if maternal mirror syndrome develops. Prenatal evaluation includes high resolution ultrasound, fetal echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Pregnancy management includes frequent assessment of the tumor size, growth, and the effects on the fetal cardiovascular system. Treatment options depend on the tumor characteristics and cardiac function, as well as maternal health and support. Fetal therapy aims to debulk or devascularize the tumor, thereby alleviating high output failure and minimizing the risk of spontaneous rupture and hemorrhage. Decisions regarding a symptomatic fetus with SCT may include prenatal intervention or early delivery. Anesthetic management of fetal treatment for SCT is tailored to the mode of therapy chosen; this may include a minimally invasive approach, in-utero surgery, or an EXIT procedure. The nuances of management of this condition center on understanding of the pathophysiology of a hydropic fetus as a result of the SCT and being prepared for resultant cardiovascular instability and massive hemorrhage.

Keywords

sacrococcygeal teratomafetalanesthesiasurgeryhydrops fetalishemorrhagetumor
Type
Chapter
Information
Anesthesia for Maternal-Fetal Surgery
Concepts and Clinical Practice
 , pp. 168 - 190
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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