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11 - Axis II and anxiety disorders

from Section 2 - Challenges in diagnosing pathological anxiety

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2010

By
Matthew J. Kaplowitz  and
John C. Markowitz
Edited by
Helen Blair Simpson ,
Yuval Neria ,
Roberto Lewis-Fernández  and
Franklin Schneier
Helen Blair Simpson
Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York
Yuval Neria
Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York
Roberto Lewis-Fernández
Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York
Franklin Schneier
Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York
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Summary

This chapter addresses the complex inter relationships between anxiety disorders (ADs) and personality disorders (PDs), including diagnostic controversies, patterns of comorbidity, and prognostic implications for treatment. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) created five axes for diagnostic classification, including Axis I for illnesses such as ADs and Axis II for PDs. The presence of an Axis I state disorder may confound diagnosis of Axis II trait. The biopsychosocial model suggests that illness arises from the interplay of genetic, trait, and environmental influences. PDs are less prevalent than ADs. Limited information exists on the comorbidity between ADs and PDs in the general population. Available data suggest that PD comorbidity among ADs is common, except in the case of specific phobia. Current evidence yields more questions than answers, due in part to the complexity of assessing PDs and the labor and expense of large-scale, longitudinal studies.
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Chapter
Information
Anxiety Disorders
Theory, Research and Clinical Perspectives
 , pp. 116 - 126
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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