Book contents
- Anxiety Disorders
- Dedication
- Anxiety Disorders
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- 1 Introduction: the need for interdisciplinary approaches
- Section 1 Evolving concepts of anxiety
- Section 2 Challenges in diagnosing pathological anxiety
- Section 3 Understanding the causes of anxiety
- 13 Current status of research in the genetics of anxiety disorders
- 14 Animal models of anxiety disorders: behavioral and genetic approaches
- 15 Role of the cortex in the regulation of anxiety states
- 16 Learned fear and innate anxiety in rodents and their relevance to human anxiety disorders
- 17 Brain systems underlying anxiety disorders: a view from neuroimaging
- 18 Cognitive–behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders: model and current issues
- 19 The stressor criterion A in posttraumatic stress disorder: issues, evidence, and implications
- 20 Attachment, separation, and anxiety disorders
- 21 Non-human primate models in understanding anxiety
- Section 4 Treatment of anxiety: current status and controversial issues
- Index
15 - Role of the cortex in the regulation of anxiety states
from Section 3 - Understanding the causes of anxiety
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 November 2010
Book contents
- Anxiety Disorders
- Dedication
- Anxiety Disorders
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- 1 Introduction: the need for interdisciplinary approaches
- Section 1 Evolving concepts of anxiety
- Section 2 Challenges in diagnosing pathological anxiety
- Section 3 Understanding the causes of anxiety
- 13 Current status of research in the genetics of anxiety disorders
- 14 Animal models of anxiety disorders: behavioral and genetic approaches
- 15 Role of the cortex in the regulation of anxiety states
- 16 Learned fear and innate anxiety in rodents and their relevance to human anxiety disorders
- 17 Brain systems underlying anxiety disorders: a view from neuroimaging
- 18 Cognitive–behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders: model and current issues
- 19 The stressor criterion A in posttraumatic stress disorder: issues, evidence, and implications
- 20 Attachment, separation, and anxiety disorders
- 21 Non-human primate models in understanding anxiety
- Section 4 Treatment of anxiety: current status and controversial issues
- Index
Summary
The most widely studied behavioral model of fear is classical fear conditioning as it may be assessed across many different species, including humans. Conflicting signals can be divided in two basic categories: emotional and non-emotional. Cortical control of anxiety appears to be especially important in the presence of emotional stimuli. Human brain imaging studies have found insular abnormalities in anxiety patients. Patients with panic disorders display decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA A)/benzodiazepine sites in the insular cortex, while phobic patients show an increase in insular activity during the presentation of fearful faces. Serotonin plays an important role in the regulation of emotions, including anxiety, fear, and depression. The complex and important role that the serotonergic system plays in emotional regulation is also unambiguous. Serotonergic modulation occurs via interaction with a wealth of receptors with complementary and sometimes opposite effects acting at different levels in the circuitry underlying anxiety.
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- Anxiety DisordersTheory, Research and Clinical Perspectives, pp. 168 - 179Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010