Molecular ecology and cell biology of <span class='italic'>Legionella pneumophila</span>

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511546273.007

5 - Molecular ecology and cell biology of Legionella pneumophila

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 August 2009

Dina M. Bitar and

Edited by

Maëlle Molmeret: Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
Dina M. Bitar: Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, 19356, Israel
Yousef Abu Kwaik: Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0084, USA
Richard J. Lamont: Affiliation:
University of Florida

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Summary

Legionella pneumophila, a Gram-negative bacillus that is ubiquitous in aquatic environments, is responsible for Legionnaires' disease. It is a facultative intracellular pathogen that can replicate within eukaryotic host cells such as protozoan and macrophages. In water, L. pneumophila grows within protozoan hosts. There are at least 13 species of amoebae and 2 species of ciliated protozoa that support intracellular replication of L. pneumophila (Fields, 1996). Among the most predominant amoebae in water sources are hartmannellae and acanthamoebae, which have also been isolated from water sources associated with Legionnaires' disease outbreaks (Fields, 1996). Interaction between L. pneumophila and protozoa is considered to be central to the pathogenesis and ecology of L. pneumophila (Rowbotham, 1986; Harb et al., 2000). In humans, L. pneumophila reaches the lungs after inhalation of contaminated aerosol droplets (Fields, 1996; Fliermans, 1996; also see Fig. 5.1). The main sources of contaminated water droplets are hot water and air-conditioning systems, but the bacteria have been isolated from fountains, spas, pools, dental and hospital units, and other man-made water systems (Fliermans, 1996; also see Fig. 5.1). No person-to-person transmission has been described. Once in the lungs, L. pneumophila are ingested in alveolar macrophages, the major site of bacterial replication. This results in an acute and severe pneumonia. In addition to Legionnaires' disease, L. pneumophila also causes Pontiac fever, which is a self-limiting flu-like illness that is not well understood but is not lethal. Approximately one half of the 48 species of Legionella have been associated with human disease.

Type: Chapter
Information: Bacterial Invasion of Host Cells , pp. 123 - 160

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546273.007 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2004

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5 - Molecular ecology and cell biology of Legionella pneumophila

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