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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 September 2019
Chapter 5 deals with the genetics and cytogenetics of reproduction, starting again from asexual reproduction. Genetic variation due to new mutations, recombination, stochastic segregation or epigenetic causes is discussed. Moving to sexual reproduction, we discuss mechanisms of genetic exchange in the prokaryotes, but eventually focus more closely on sexual reproduction in the eukaryotes. First, the various sources of genetic variation (independent assortment of chromosomes and chromatids, crossing over and gene conversion at meiosis, syngamy) are discussed, thus addressing the genetics of hereditary transmission through different modes of sexual reproduction (amphigony, self-fertilization, meiotic and ameiotic parthenogenesis, gynogenesis, hybridogenesis, androgenesis). The last paragraphs of this chapter are devoted to sexual leakage and some special cases of sex in eukaryotes (conjugation in ciliates, parasexual cycle in fungi, chimerism).
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