Index
Page numbers in bold refer to notes. Pages numbers in italic refer to figures or tables.
`Abd al-Haq, Amina Qasem, 11
`Abdel `Aziz, Yusuf, 228
abortion laws and practices, 45, 208, see also birth control laws and traditions, birth control practices, anti-reproductive desires
British, 169
British colonial law,
Christian,
in press stories,
Islamic, , 163
Israeli,
Jordanian,
Occupied Territories,
Ottoman,
Palestinian National Authority (PNA), , 206
prosecutions,
Abu Hamad, Khitam,
Abu Nasser, Tarzan and Arab,
Ali, Insaf Mahmoud, 44,
Allan, Diana, 12
Allende, Salvador, 61
Alqaisiya, Walaa, 241
alQaws for Sexual and Gender Diversity in Palestinian Society, 241
Anderson, Warwick, 66
Anna Spafford Baby Home, 59
antimalarial campaigns, 68
anti-reproductive desires, 4, 153, , see also abortion laws and practices, reproductive desires
in film,
anti-Semitic ideologies, 139
Anwer, Megha, 244
Arab delegation to Versailles Peace Conference,
Arab Family Planning Survey (1964), 205
Arab Medical Congress, 75
Arab Resource Center for Popular Arts (Al-Jana), 9
Arafat, Yasir,
Arnold, David, 113
Asad, Talal, 56
Ashtiyya, Muhammad, 246
Azem, Ibtisam,
Balfour, Arthur, 39
al-Barghouthi, Omar, 72
Baron, Beth, 127
Basil of Cappadocia, 160
Basker, Eileen, 175
Besieged Shrine to Hands of Thyme and Stone (Dajani), 249
Besieged Shrines (Dajani), 248
Bethlehem. see also towns, villages, and camps
French hospital,
infant mortality, 73
interviewee from, 10
Bilad ash-sham (Greater Syria), 83
birth control laws and traditions, 153, 154, 181, see also birth control promotion, abortion laws and practices
Christian, 157,
Islamic, ,
Jewish, , 157
Ottoman, 161
post-1948,
Birzeit University Digital Palestine Archive, 10
Black feminism, 225
Blacklock, Mary G.,
Bliss, James, 225
Blyden, Edward, 34
Boas, Franz, 36
Bonbone (Mayasi),
al-Botmeh, Reem, 208
breastfeeding. see also nutrition, hunger, and illness
eugenics,
personal stories, 197
promotion, 66
wet-nursing, 150
Breslow, Lori, 157
Briercliffe, Rupert, 70
British African Society, 34
British colonial abortion laws,
British colonial Bengal, 150
British Dominions, Versailles Peace Conference (1919), 39
British Empire
Versailles Peace Conference (1919), 37
British Palestine colonial governance. see also British Palestine Department of Health
antityphoid serum experiments, 115
colonization overview,
demographic policies, , 151,
health budgets,
health priorities, 54
healthcare and science,
healthcare costs for government employees, 86
Palestinian local government, 52
treatment of Palestinian medical elites,
British Palestine Department of Health. see also Palestine Mandate, Jerusalem Government Hospital, British Palestine colonial governance
abortion services, 184
British employees, 5
budgets, 81
funding to Zionist health organizations, 62
healthcare facilities, 83
midwife regulation,
refusal of food aid,
vital records, 25
British-Zionist joint ventures, 53
Brodetsky, Selig, 125
Brownson, Elizabeth, 105
Burdon, R. M., 66
Butler, Octavia, 225
Campbell, Chloe, 137
Canaan, Tawfik
amulet collection, 28
Health Week, 70
medical experiments, 116
on Palestinian midwives’ practices, 31
reports on Ottoman hospitals, 83
requests to director of medical services, 74
research, 55
studies of indigenous cosmologies and traditions, 28
censorship of film,
censuses, 125
Central Censorship Board,
child deaths. see also infant mortality, death causes, infant and child mortality
hijra (forced migration), 198
indigenous explanations,
Qarina, , 201
children
attitudes toward in West Bank, 26
birth certificates falsified, 20
boy preference, 26,
girls and physical labor, 25
loss of upon widowhood, 27
schooling, 112
China, 38
Christian saint shrines, 28
Christian schools
Health Week, 70
Christians. see also birth control laws and traditions, abortion laws and practices
fertility, 215
resident in towns, 128
Clot Bey, Antoine, 163
Committee of Jaffa Ladies, 89
Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) (Young Turks), 166
Condom Lead (Abu Nasser and Abu Nasser),
Constantine, Stephen, 193
Crimean War, 165
Cullather, Nick, 97
Cummins, Lyle, 95
Cunningham, Sir Alan, 93
CUP (Committee of Union and Progress) (Young Turks), 166
Cyprus Criminal Code (1928), 170
Dajani, Dr. (active 1924), 71
Dajani, Dr. (active 1930s), 186
Dajani, Mahmud Taher, 74
Damascus, refugees, 14
Dandeis, `Abdel Majid, 13
Daoud, Francoise, 196
Darwin, Charles, 134
Darwish, Mahmoud,
Das, Sundarimohan, 150
Dead Sea mining, 53
death notifications, 124
decolonial queering, 241
Deir Yassin massacre, 212
demographic and public health scholarship, 46,
demographic transition theory, , 215
diphtheria inoculation, 63
disease prevention. see also medical experiments
antimalarial campaigns, 68
diphtheria inoculation, 63
smallpox inoculation, , 63
Donati, Serena, 218
Dorman, Maurice H., 93
Doyle, Jennifer, 224
Duwaymeh smallpox case,
Edelman, Lee, 224
educational films, 146
Emile Habiby,
eugenics, 138, see also racism, Zionism and social medicine, birth control promotion, demographics and colonial policies, birth control practices, Zionism and demographics
antityphoid serum experiment, 45
birth control promotion, 138
breastfeeding,
British race degeneration anxieties,
centrality of, 4
imperialism,
Jewish,
nutrition, 97
origins, 135
social medicine,
Tel Aviv sex consultation centers, 189
Zionist settler-colonial movement,
Ezer Leyoldos, 69
Faisal, Prince, 41
Farge, Arlette, 7
Fargues, Philippe,
Felix, Arthur, 3,
feminism, imperial, 137
fertility
Christians, 215
in Israel,
Jews, 194
Jews, Ultra-Orthodox, 215
Palestinians, 127,
in West Bank, 217
Fishberg, Maurice, 36
Fleischmann, Ellen, 105
Foster, Angel M., 196
Foucault, Michel, 32
Frauennot – Frauenglück (film),
French hospital, Bethlehem,
futurities, Black, feminist, and queer, , see also Palestinian futurities in literature and film, Palestinian futurities
Galilee District
midwifery supervision, 105
Gaza
abortion laws under Egyptian jurisdiction, 176
Gaza hospital, 82
healthcare access, 208
Infant Welfare Centre (IWC), 89
midwifery supervision, 105
Ottoman hospital, 83
Palestinian National Authority, 180
post-1967 laws, 179
refugees, 16
reproductive decision-making (demographic competition),
research restrictions, 6
gender segregation, 163
gendered-racialized dynamics
funding and regulation of Infant Welfare Centres (IWCs),
funding for healthcare, 114
hygiene, 67
midwifery regulation and surveillance, 80,
senior medical officers (SMOs), 47
Germany, breastfeeding research, 150
Ghani, Miriam, 1
Giladi, Avner, 163
Gravier, Soeur, 97
Greenberg, Ela, 17
Gruenfelder, Benno, 148
Gudorf, Christine, 160
Guevara, Che, 61
Habiby, Emile, 210,
Hadassah Medical Organization. see also Zionist institutions
abortion death, 185
in Anglo-American Committee testimony, 76
annual budget, 84
Baby Week Challenge, 145
British funding, 62
competition with other organizations, 69
establishment, 62
eugenicist orientation, 142
fundraising campaigns, 63
health education,
Health Week,
hospitals, 76
infant and maternal health program, 3
laboratories, 122
nurses and midwives, 68
Haifa
abortion arrests, 184
abortion trial (1952),
medical officers visits to villages, 84
midwifery, 107
midwifery supervision, 104
missionary hospitals, 18
transportation links, 53
typhoid, 117
Haifa Social Services and Infant Welfare Committee, 89
Haifa-Nazareth Maternity Survey (1965), 205
Hamdan, Mohammed, 239
Hammoudeh, Weeam, 218
Hamzeh, N., 116
Hart, Mitchell, 139
Hbeid, Sabha Muhammad Ahmad, 20
health education, 17
educational films, 146,
Infant Welfare Centres (IWCs), , 111
milk promotion, 98
for pregnancy, 149
health politics,
health priorities, 45, 77, , 114, see also racism, health politics, infrastructures, eugenics, British Palestine colonial governance
healthcare. see also physicians, traditional healers, health politics, midwives, health priorities, hospitals, health education, missionary hospitals and institutions, traditional remedies
disparities in,
government facilities, 83
preventive care, 57
travel for, 24
healthcare providers, 102, see also physicians, traditional healers, midwives, licensed, midwives, nurses, midwives, traditional, traditional remedies
Hebrew Women’s Organization, 69
Hirsch, Dafna, 66
Hogan, Dennis P., 218
Hong, Grace Kyungwon, 4
Horvitz, Mosheh, 173
hospitals. see also Jerusalem Government Hospital, French Hospital, Bethlehem, medical experiments, antityphoid serum experiments, Jaffa Government Hospital, missionary hospitals and institutions
fees,
Jewish (Hadassah), 76
medical experiments (antityphoid serum experiments), 116
Ottoman period, 18,
priorities, 81
World War II effects on, 91
Hudson, Aida J., 217
Hughes, Matthew, 88
Hughes, W. M., 39
Hurty, John N., 146
Hussein, Sharif, 41
Ibn Hazm, 158
imperial feminism, 152
Indian Penal Code (IPC)(1860), 169
infant and child health. see infant mortality, health politics, health priorities, health education, infant and child mortality
infant and child mortality. see also infant mortality, mortality, child deaths
in historiography, 3
in 1946, 132
post-1948, 213
by religious category, 57
infant mortality. see also child deaths, infant and child mortality
class and racial anxieties, 143
definition of rate, 57
villages, 127
Infant Welfare Centres (IWCs)
education aims, , 111
milk distribution, 96
nutrition, 100
preventive care, 57
Ramallah,
infrastructures. see also health priorities, healthcare investments
health consequences, , 95
priorities, 5
Institute for Hygiene and Sexual Research, Tel Aviv,
Intifada, 244
Israel
abortion laws,
establishment’s impact on Palestinians, 1,
fertility rates,
healthcare, 217
invasion by (1967), 179
invasion of Lebanon (1982), 230
Ittmann, Karl, 123
al-Jabir, Najmeh Yousef Saleh, 15
Jaffa. see also Jaffa government hospital
abortion prosecution, 185
Economic Committee, 55
medical care to villages, 84
midwifery supervision, 104
Palestinian clinics, 11
water system, 118
Jayyusi, Lena, 8
Jayyusi, Salma Khadra, 228
Jenin, Infant Welfare Centre (IWC), 89
Jerusalem. see also Jerusalem government hospital
abortions, 205
British invasion (1917), 40
Infant Welfare Centre (IWC), 89
medical care to villages, 84
missionary hospitals, 18
Ottoman hospitals, 83
Palestinian clinics, 11
research restrictions, 7
Jerusalem District, maternity and infant welfare, 47
Jerusalem Government Hospital. see also British Palestine Department of Health, Jerusalem
British Section, 87
cost cuts, 82
maternity fees, 87
Jerusalem, Israeli-Occupied
post-1967 laws, 179
Jewish Agency
Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, 76
British grants-in-aid, 95
establishment, 52
taxation report, 56
Jewish Federation of Labour, 90
Jewish Medical Association of Palestine, 63
Jewish Territorial Organisation (ITO), 36
Jones, Arthur Creech, 93
Jordanian Law of Public Health (1971), 179
Jordanian Medical Constitution (1970), 179
Joudah, Fady, 230
Judeh, `Abdullah, 79
Jung, Moon-Kie, 33
Katz, Marion Holmes, 159
Kelm, Mary-Ellen, 54
Kenya, eugenistic studies, 137
Keown, John, 168
Kfar Kama, Infant Welfare Centre (IWC), 89
Khalidi, Aziza, 59
Khalidi, Tarif, 72
Khawaja, Marwan, 218
Khleifi, Michel,
Korea, 38
Kozma, Liat, 189
Krikorian, K. S., 116
Kupat Holim (Sick Fund of General Federation of Labor), 68, 122, 174, 175, see also Zionist institutions
Lagos, Nigeria, Baby Week, 145
Lamarckian evolution, 141
landowners, exploitation by, 55
Laukötter, Anja, 192
Lawrence, T. E., 41
League of Nations
Covenant,
Health Organisation, 61
mandate system,
public health and civilization, 74
Zionist settler project, 51
Levine, Alfred, 185
Leviticus, 161
Levontin, M., 116
Liddiard, Mabel,
Lindner, Ulrike, 51
Lister Institute, 45,
Mahmoud, Rakan, 13
Majdal, hospital, 84
Maloof, Dr., 97
Malthus, T. R., 135
Mann, Justin Louis, 225
Marcus Garvey Movement, 37
maternity fees,
Matmon, Avraham,
Mayasi, Rakan,
MCA (Muslim-Christian Associations), 43
McCarthy, Justin, 123
McSweeney, C.J., 119
Mehmet Ali, 163
method and sources. see also towns, villages, and camps
archival research, 2,
interviews, 2, ,
multiple, 183
oral history archives, 2,
midwives. see also Butros, Alice, traditional healers, Ali, Insaf Mahmoud, healthcare providers, midwives, licensed, nurses, El-Jaby, Bahiya Afifi; Jaby, Bahiya Afifi, Rogers, Vena, midwives, traditional, reproduction, cosmologies of, traditional remedies
Muslim, 30
Ottoman period,
Palestinian,
statistics on, 106
midwives, licensed, 106, see also healthcare providers, midwives, traditional
abortion assistance, 184
funding, 90
number of deliveries, 91
origins, 102
use of, 11
midwives, traditional, 106, see also traditional healers, healthcare providers, midwives, licensed, reproduction, cosmologies of, traditional remedies
abortion services, 184
maternal mortality from puerperal fever, 59
Palestinian respect for, 105
practices, 31
regulation,
training, 103
use of, 24
milk. see also nutrition, hunger, and illness, breastfeeding
eugenics, 144
food aid refused,
promotion, 98
missionary hospitals and institutions
abortion services, 184
British government support, 95
closures, 91
health infrastructure, 59
healthcare, 78
Palestinian attitudes toward, 19
missionary medical schools, 18
Mochenson (Straus), Nellie, 70
mortality. see also infant mortality, child deaths, infant and child mortality
maternal from puerperal fever, 59
Moslem Supreme Council, 70
Mufti of Jerusalem, 71
Muñoz, José Esteban, 225
Musallam, Basim,
Muslim-Christian Associations (MCA), 43
Nablus
abortions, 205
hospitals, 18
Infant Welfare Centre (IWC), 89
medical officers visits to villages, 84
midwifery supervision, 104
Ottoman hospital, 83
typhoid, 117
Najjar, `Afifeh, 91
Nakba (1948). see also oral histories, hijra (forced migration)
challenges to dominant narrative, 17
reproduction and child death, 3
Nakba Archive oral history project, 12
National Motion Pictures Co., 146
nationalities in birth notifications, 50
Nazareth, missionary hospitals, 18
Nazzal, Nafez, 8
necropolitics, 56
Nelson, Alondra, 221
El-Nimr, Sonia, 8
Noonan, John T., 160
Nordau, Max, 141
Norris, Jacob, 53
Notestein, Frank W., 123,
Noyman, Tsiporah, 173
nurses. see also healthcare providers, midwives
recruitment of Palestinian women, 18
turnover of Palestinians, 50
nutrition, hunger, and illness, 16, , see also British Palestine colonial governance:healthcare investments, breastfeeding
nutritional governmentality, 97
Occupied Territories, abortion laws and practices, 180,
Oppenheimer, W., 202
Oslo Accords, 247
Pad.ma, 6
Palestine. see also racism, Palestine Mandate, Palestinian women, eugenics, British Palestine colonial governance, demographics and colonial policies, towns, villages, and camps, Palestinian futurities in literature and film, Palestinian futurities, Zionism and demographics
demographic discourse,
Palestine Broadcasting Service, 17
Palestine Criminal Code (1928),
Palestine Liberation Organization’s Plastic Arts Section and Arts and Heritage Section, 245
Palestine Mandate, 40, 51, see also League of Nations, Versailles Peace Conference (1919), British Palestine colonial governance, British Palestine Department of Health, Palestine
Palestine Police constables,
Palestine Poster Project Archive, 245
Palestine Women’s Council, 100
Palestinian Diaspora and Refugee Center, 10
Palestinian futurities, , 242, see also fertility, futurities, Black, feminist, and queer, Palestinian futurities in literature and film
post-1948 fertility and reproductive family,
queer-inflected, 241
Palestinian futurities in literature and film, , see also futurities, Black, feminist, and queer, Palestinian futurities
Bonbone (Mayasi),
Condom Lead (Abu Nasser and Abu Nasser),
Emile Habiby,
Ibtisam Azem,
Mahmoud Darwish,
The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist (Habiby),
Tawfiq Sayigh, 228
Wedding in Galilee (Khleifi),
Yusuf `Abdel `Aziz, 228
Palestinian national identity
challenges to dominant narrative of Nakba, 17
historiography, 3
oral histories, 8
reproductive desires, ,
reproductive desires in iconography,
Palestinian prisoners, 239
Palestinian women. see also Palestinians
effects of 1948, 10
physical labor, 25
war and hijra memories, 16
war efforts, 12
Palestinians, 56, see also Palestinian women, health politics, health priorities, health education, Palestinian national identity
impact of Israel’s establishment, 1,
taxation, 56
Pearson, Charles, 32
Philippines, colonization of, 66
physicians, Arab, 17
pregnancy. see also reproduction, cosmologies of, reproductive desires
and sterility, 26
attitudes toward, 26
Public Health Ordinance (1940), 63
Public Health Ordinance No. 3 (1920), 124
public health vs. social medicine, 61
Pursley, Sara, 54
Qadri, Ahmad, 41
Qarina, , 201, see also reproduction, cosmologies of racism. birth control promotion, eugenics, British Palestine colonial governance, demographics and colonial policies
against professionals, 18
demographic anxieties,
in France, 42
global color line,
imperialism and eugenics,
maternity care, 87
Rahman, Najat, 228
Ramallah
Ramallah Municipality, healthcare costs, 50
Rehobot (colony), 64
reproduction, cosmologies of, , see also traditional healers, midwives, traditional, traditional remedies
Islamic, 155
Jewish, 154
Palestinian, 201
Qarina,
Revolt of 1936–1939,
government spending during, 85
reproduction and child death, 3
Rutenberg electric grid, 55
revolts during Mandate, 55
Rogers, Vena. see also midwives
conflict with Alice Butros, , 48
conflict with Bahiya El-Jaby, 109
conflict with Insaf Ali,
French hospital, 96
in decision-making structure, 113
on Baby Week competition, 145
on Jewish midwives, 109
on Palestinian practices, 26
on traditional midwives, 105
Rothenberg, Celia, 29
Russo-Ottoman War, 165
Rutenberg, Pinhas, 54
Saha, Ranjana, 150
Salameh, Fawwaz, 13
Saleeby, C.W., 149
Samuel, Herbert, 18
San Remo meeting (1920), 40
Sanitary Survey of Palestine (1928), 62
Sayigh, Tawfiq, 228
Schull, Kent Fielding, 167
The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist (Habiby), 210,
sewage systems, 54
Sexton, Jared, 223
Shaheen, al-Hakim, 19
Shalim, Yehuda, 246
Shaml oral history project, 8
Sharafi, Mitra, 170
Sharpe, Christina, 223
Shaw, Sir John Valentine Wistar, 92
Shimazu, Naoko, 39
Shomali, Katrina, 91
Shrine to Bassam and His Children (Dajani), 251
Social Darwinism, 141
social death, 223
social medicine,
Soloway, Richard, 135
Soul House to Kamal, Mariam & Their New Children (Dajani), 250
Spencer, Herbert, 134
Spillers, Hortense J., 223
St. Joseph University, 18
Stanhope, Sir Phillip (Lord Weardale), 35
sterility, attitudes toward, 26
stillbirths, personal experiences, 25
St-Jean, Martin, 207
Stoler, Ann Laura, 7
Sufian, Sandra M., 68
Symes, George S., 71
Szold, Henrietta, 62
Tamari, Salim, 72
Tarazi, Saliba, 185
taxation of Palestinians, 56
Tchernihovksy, Martha, 184,
Tiberias, 14
towns, villages, and camps. see also Bethlehem, Haifa, villages, Jaffa, method and sources, Ramallah, Jerusalem, Nablus
`Amqa, 13
`Aqabet Jabr refugee camp, 22
`Arroub, 20
al-Baddawi refugee camp, Lebanon, 10
Beit Jibrin, 17
Beitin, 23
Birweh, 229
Borj Shmali refugee camp, Lebanon, 250
Burqa, 23
Chufr/Kufr Qari`, 14
Duwaymeh,
Firdis, 16
Hebron, 73
`Ilmaniyya, 13
Irmemin, Jordan, 22
Jenin, 205
Jiflik, 22
Jifna, 22
Kawkab al-Hawa, 15
Kfar Kama, 89
Khan Yunis, 73
Marj, 22
Mizra`a in Birzeit village, 198
Mukhmasiyya, 22
Ni`lin, 212
Qalandia Refugee Camp, 219
Qalqiliya, 208
Qaqun, 13
Qubeibeh, 23
Ramleh, 29
Rammoun, 213
Saffuriyya, 10
Sakhnin, 22
Sawafir al-Shamali, 16
Sharrar, 22
Shaykh Daud, 10
Sinjil, 217
Suf Refugee Camp, Jordan, 22
Tamoun, 22
Tantura, 10
Taybeh, 22
Tel El Za`atar refugee camp, Lebanon, 249
Al-Tur (Mount of Olives), 22
Wadi al-Joz, 109
traditional healers. see also healthcare providers, midwives, traditional, traditional remedies
empirical observation, 21
practices, 65
respect for, 31
smallpox inoculation,
traditional remedies. see also traditional healers, healthcare providers, midwives, traditional
Zionist attitudes toward, 65
Tukan, Hafez, 55
Tutunji, Niveen, 178
Ultra-Orthodox Jews, fertility, 215
Vester, Bertha Spafford, 59
Vickers, W.J., 99
villages. see also towns, villages, and camps
healthcare facilities, 83
malnutrition, 94
opportunities in, 128
vital data recording, 123
Vitullo, Anita, 2
Wallfish, Bina, 188
Wandieen, Abdennaim M.A., 179
Watson House, 59
Wauchope, A.G., 89
Wedding in Galilee (Khleifi),
Weindling, Paul, 61
Weizmann, Chaim, 52
West Bank
annexation by Jordan, 176
attitudes toward children, 26
fear of Qarina, 28
fertility, 217
Palestinian National Authority, 180
post-1967 laws, 179
research restrictions, 6
wet-nursing, 150
Wick, Alexis, 41
Wolff, W.N., 116
Wolwelski, A., 63
Women’s International Zionist Organization (WIZO). see WIZO (Women’s International Zionist Organization)
World War II, hospital closures, 91
Zeidan, Mahmoud, 12
Zionism and demographics, 151, see also Zionism and social medicine, eugenics, demographics and colonial policies, Palestine
demographic competition relevancy to Palestinians,
demographic transition theory,
eugenistic impulses,
politics of health,
Zionist debates on infant feeding, , see also Zionist public health nutrition research, health education
Zionist fundraising campaigns, 63
Zionist institutions. see also Hadassah Medical Organization
claims for Arab mortality rates, 76
competition and conflict among, 69
contraception and abortion services, 184
healthcare, 78
maternal, infant, and child healthcare, 51
medical institutions, 122
vital data recording, 124
Zionist militias, 212
Zionist propaganda, 73
Zionist public health nutrition research, 98, see also Zionist debates on infant feeding, health education
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