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7a - Religion and the state

from 7 - Archaic Greek society

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
J. K. Davies
Edited by
John Boardman ,
N. G. L. Hammond ,
D. M. Lewis  and
M. Ostwald
J. K. Davies
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool
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Summary

In a well-known story, Herodotus records how the Samians rescued three hundred boys whom Periander of Corinth was sending from Corcyra to Alyattes of Lydia to become eunuchs.

“They first instructed the boys to grasp the shrine of Artemis, and then refused to allow the Corinthians to drag them away from the shrine. When the Corinthians deprived the boys of food, the Samians created a festival, which they still now celebrate in the same way. At nightfall, as long as the boys were suppliants, they created groups of boy and girl dancers, and instituted a custom that they should carry cakes made of sesame-seed and honey, so that the Corcyraean boys could snatch them and keep themselves alive. This went on till the Corinthians who were guarding the boys gave up and went home.” (Hdt. III.48.2–3)

As history, the story rates low, not just because Herodotus' chronological indications are notoriously incompatible with each other, nor because an alternative tradition credits the Cnidians with the rescue (Plut. Mor. 860c), but because the story reads like a classic aetiological legend, repeated none too critically by Herodotus from his Samian friends and informants. Yet the story also has great value, in two different ways. First, it is a concentrated vignette of Greek religious ideas and customs. Age-groups of boys and girls (or youths or men or women) who dance and sing together in choroi in honour of a god recall the final scene on the shield of Achilles (Iliad xvii.590–616), provide context and subject matter for Alcman's Partheneion, form the basic element in the performance of all dithyrambic and dramatic poetry, and throughout Greece carry the social weight of symbolizing membership of a community.

Keywords

cultGreek stateGreek religionSamos
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Ancient History , pp. 368 - 388
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1988

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