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6 - How Arousal-Related Neurotransmitter Systems Compensate for Age-Related Decline

from Part I - Models of Cognitive Aging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 May 2020

By
Mara Mather
Edited by
Ayanna K. Thomas  and
Angela Gutchess
Ayanna K. Thomas
Affiliation:
Tufts University, Massachusetts
Angela Gutchess
Affiliation:
Brandeis University, Massachusetts
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Summary

Without brain systems that modulate arousal, we would not be able to have daily sleep-wake cycles, focus attention when needed, experience emotional responses, or even maintain consciousness. Thus, it is not surprising that there are multiple overlapping neurotransmitter systems that control arousal. In aging, most of these systems show decline in basic features such as number of receptors and transporters, and sometimes even in neuron count. These declines have the potential to disrupt basic arousal functions. Compensatory increases in activity in some of these systems allow for maintained levels of circulating neurotransmitters in those systems – but at the cost of reduced dynamic range in arousal responses.

Keywords

Agingarousalneurotransmittersnorepinephrinenoradrenalinedopamineacetylcholineorexinhistaminehomeostasislocus coeruleus
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging
A Life Course Perspective
 , pp. 101 - 120
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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