Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-5r2nc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-27T22:01:20.012Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

13 - Biomedicine, Creativity, and the Story of AIDS

from Part III - Creativity in the Sciences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2017

By
Mei Tan  and
Elena L. Grigorenko
Edited by
James C. Kaufman ,
Vlad P. Glăveanu  and
John Baer
James C. Kaufman
Affiliation:
University of Connecticut
Vlad P. Glăveanu
Affiliation:
Universitetet i Bergen, Norway
John Baer
Affiliation:
Rider University, New Jersey
Get access

Summary

Abstract

Far from being a static entity, creativity may be observed to evolve over time as the contexts that require it shift and change. This principle is illustrated in the thirty-plus years of biomedicine since the advent of AIDS and the discovery of its viral cause, HIV. This constituted a time period of dramatic changes in the field of biomedical research, particularly with respect to the patient–researcher relationship and the ways that characteristics of a patient population must be understood to effectively shape research practices. The essentially social nature of creativity, usually obscured in this domain, is shown to now play a central role in the field of biomedicine.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity across Domains , pp. 226 - 246
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alberts, B., Kirschner, M. W., Tilghman, S., & Varmus, H. (2014). Rescuing US biomedical research from its systemic flaws. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(16), 5773–5777.Google Scholar
Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in context. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Amabile, T. M. (1998). How to kill creativity. Boston, MA.: Harvard Business School Publishing.Google Scholar
Bachtold, L. M., & Werner, E. E. (1972). Personality characteristics of women scientists. Psychological Reports, 31, 391–396.Google Scholar
Baron-Cohen, S., Bolton, P., Wheelwright, S., Scahill, V., Short, L., Mead, G., & Smith, A. (1998). Autism occurs more often in families of physicists, engineers, and mathematicians. Autism, 2(3), 296–301.Google Scholar
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., & Clubley, E. (2001). The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): Evidence from asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1), 5–17.Google Scholar
Bass, T. A. (1994). Reinventing the future: Conversations with the world’s leading scientists. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Baunach, D. M., & Burgess, E. O. (2013). HIV/AIDS prejudice in the American deep south. Sociological Spectrum, 33(2), 175–195.Google Scholar
Bittner, J. V., & Heidemeier, H. (2013). Competitive mindsets, creativity, and the role of regulatory focus. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 9, 59–68.Google Scholar
Boon, M. (1996). Naming the enemy: AIDS research, contagion, and the discovery of HIV. 4. Retrieved on from http://cultronix.eserver.org/boon/Google Scholar
Busse, T. V., & Mansfield, R. S. (1984). Selected personality traits and achievement in male scientists. The Journal of Psychology, 116, 117–131.Google Scholar
Carnevale, P. J., & Probst, T. M. (1998). Social values and social conflict in creative problem solving and categorization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 210–219.Google Scholar
Cattell, R. B., & Drevdahl, J. E. (1955). A comparison of the personality profile (16PF) of eminent researchers with that of eminent teachers and administrators, and of the general population. British Journal of Psychology, 46, 248–261.Google Scholar
Cattell, R. B., Eber, H. W., & Tatsuoka, M. M. (1970). Handbook for the 16 Personality Factor Questionaire (16PF) in Clinical Educational Industrial and Research Psychology. Savoy, IL: Institute for Personality, Ability Testing.Google Scholar
Celi, L. A., Ippolito, A., Montgomery, R. A., Moses, C., & Stone, D. J. (2014). Crowdsourcing knowledge discovery and innovations in medicine. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(9), e216.Google Scholar
Chambers, J. A. (1964). Relating personality and biographical factors to scientific creativity. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 78(7, whole no. 584).Google Scholar
Collier, R. (2014). A blueprint for medical research stardom. Canadian Medical Association. Journal, 186(11), 821.Google Scholar
Collins, F. S. (2011). Reengineering translational science: The time is right. Science Translational Medicine, 3(90), 90cm17–90cm17.Google Scholar
Comte, A. (1855). The positive philosophy of Auguste Comte (Trans. Martineau, H.). New York: Blanchard.Google Scholar
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Nakamura, J. (2014). Catalytic Creativity: The case of Linus Pauling The systems model of creativity (pp. 185–194): Netherlands: Springer.Google Scholar
Drolet, B. C., & Lorenzi, N. M. (2011). Translational research: Understanding the continuum from bench to bedside. Translational Research, 157(1), 1–5.Google Scholar
Erat, S., & Gneezy, U. (2016). Incentives for creativity. Experimental Economics, 19(2), 269–280. DOI:10.1007/s10683-015-9440-5Google Scholar
Fan, H. Y., Conner, R. F., & Villarreal, L. P. (2007). AIDS: Science and society. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Google Scholar
Fang, F. C., & Casadevall, A. (2015). Competitive science: Is competition ruining science? Infection and Immunity, 83(4), 1229–1233. DOI:10.1128/iai.02939-14Google Scholar
Feist, G. J. (1993). A structural model of scientific eminence. Psychological Science, 4, 366–371.Google Scholar
Feist, G. J. (1998). A meta-analysis of the impact of personality on scientific and artistic creativity. Personality and Social Psychological Review, 2, 290–309.Google Scholar
Feist, G. J. (2006). How development and personality influence scientific thought, interest, and achievement. Review of General Psychology, 10(2), 163.Google Scholar
Feist, G. J., & Barron, F. X. (2003). Predicting creativity from early to late adulthood: Intellect, potential, and personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(2), 62–88.Google Scholar
Fishbein, D. H., Ridenour, T. A., Stahl, M., & Sussman, S. (2016). The full translational spectrum of prevention science: facilitating the transfer of knowledge to practices and policies that prevent behavioral health problems. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 6(1), 5–16.Google Scholar
Fudge, N., Sadler, E., Fisher, H. R., Maher, J., Wolfe, C. D., & McKevitt, C. (2016). Optimising translational research opportunities: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of basic and clinician scientists’ perspectives of factors which enable or hinder translational research. Plos One, 11(8), e0160475.Google Scholar
Gallo, R. C. (2002). The early years of HIV/AIDS. Science, 298(5599), 1728–1730.Google Scholar
Gallo, R. C., & Montagnier, L. (2003). The discovery of HIV as the cause of AIDS. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(24), 2283–2285.Google Scholar
Garcia, J., Colson, P. W., Parker, C., & Hirsch, J. S. (2015). Passing the baton: Community-based ethnography to design a randomized clinical trial on the effectiveness of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among black men who have sex with men. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 45, 244–251.Google Scholar
Garwood, D. S. (1964). Personality factors related to creativity in young scientists. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 68(413–419).Google Scholar
Gitschier, J. (2012). It was heaven: An interview with Evelyn Witkin. PLOS Genetics, 8(10), 1–6.Google Scholar
Goldsworthy, P., & McFarlane, A. C. (2002). Howard Florey, Alexander Fleming and the fairy tale of penicillin. Medical Journal of Australia, 176(4), 178–180.Google Scholar
Gough, H. G. (1961). A personality sketch of the creative research scientist. Paper presented at the 5th Annual Conference on Personnel and Industrial Relations Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.Google Scholar
Graziano, W. G., Jensen-Campbell, L. A., & Hair, E. C. (1996). Perceiving interpersonal conflict and reacting to it: the case for agreeableness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(4), 820.Google Scholar
Helmreich, R. L., Spence, J. T., Beane, W. E., Lucker, G. W., & Matthews, K. A. (1980). Making it in academic psychology: Demographic and personality correlates of attainment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(5), 896–908.Google Scholar
Helms, C. B., Turan, J. M., Atkins, G., Kempf, M.-C., Clay, O. J., Raper, J. L., & Turan, B. (2016). Interpersonal mechanisms contributing to the association between hiv-related internalized stigma and medication adherence. AIDS and Behavior, 1–10.Google Scholar
Helson, R. (1971). Women mathematicians and the creative personality. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 36, 210–220.Google Scholar
Helson, R., & Crutchfield, R. (1970). Mathematicians: The creative researcher and the average PhD. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 34, 250–257.Google Scholar
Heyward, W. L., & Curran, J. W. (1988). The epidemiology of AIDS in the U.S. Scientific American, 72–81.Google Scholar
Holland, J. L. (1992). Making vocational choices, 2nd ed. Odessa, FL: Psychologica Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Hollingsworth, J. R. (2002). Research organizations and major discoveries in twentieth-century science: A case study of excellence in biomedical research. WZB.Google Scholar
Hollingsworth, J. R., & Hollingsworth, E. J. (2000). Major discoveries and biomedical research organizations: perspectives on interdisciplinarity, nurturing leadership, and integrated structure and cultures. Practising Interdisciplinarity, 215–244.Google Scholar
Hsu, J. (2010). History: ‘Lost’ letters reveal twists in discovery of double helix. livescience.Google Scholar
Ioannidis, J. P. (2015). Is it possible to recognize a major scientific discovery? JAMA, 314(11), 1135–1137.Google Scholar
Isaacson, W. (1983). Hunting for the hidden killers: AIDS. Time, 50–55.Google Scholar
Jensen-Campbell, L. A., & Graziano, W. G. (2001). Agreeableness as a moderator of interpersonal conflict. Journal of Personality, 69(2), 323–362.Google Scholar
Kippax, S. C., Holt, M., & Friedman, S. R. (2011). Bridging the social and the biomedical: engaging the social and political sciences in HIV research. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 14(Supp. 2), S1.Google Scholar
Kramer, L. (2003). 1,112 and counting. In Bull, C. (Ed.), While the world sleeps: Writings from the first twenty years of the global AIDS plague (pp. 7–20). New York, NY: Thunder’s Mouth Press.Google Scholar
Ludwig, A. M. (1992). Creative achievement and psychopathology: Comparison across professions. American Journal of Psychopathology, 46(330–356).Google Scholar
Ludwig, A. M. (1995). The price of greatness: Resolving the creativity and madness controversy. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Ludwig, A. M. (1998). Method and madness in the arts and sciences. Creativity Research Journal, 11, 93–101.Google Scholar
MacQueen, K. (2011). Framing the social in biomedical HIV prevention trials: A 20-year retrospective. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 14 (Supp. 2), S3.Google Scholar
Maulsby, C., Millett, G., Lindsey, K., Kelley, R., Johnson, K., Montoya, D., & Holtgrave, D. (2013). HIV among black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States: A review of the literature. AIDS and Behavior, 18(1), 10–25.Google Scholar
Mayer, K. H., Wang, L., Koblin, B., Mannheimer, S., Magnus, M., Del Rio, C., & Watson, C. C. (2014). Concomitant socioeconomic, behavioral, and biological factors associated with the disproportionate HIV infection burden among Black men who have sex with men in 6 US cities. PloS One, 9(1), e87298.Google Scholar
McAllister, L. (1996). CPI interpretation, 3rd ed. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc.Google Scholar
McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 175–215.Google Scholar
McDowell, G. S., Gunsalus, K. T., MacKellar, D. C., Mazzilli, S. A., Pai, V. P., Goodwin, P. R., & Kraemer, J. (2014). Shaping the Future of Research: a perspective from junior scientists. F1000Research, 3.Google Scholar
Meyer, A. N., Longhurst, C. A., & Singh, H. (2016). Crowdsourcing diagnosis for patients with undiagnosed illnesses: an evaluation of CrowdMed. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(1).Google Scholar
Millett, G. A., Flores, S. A., Peterson, J. L., & Bakeman, R. (2007). Explaining disparities in HIV infection among black and white men who have sex with men: A meta-analysis of HIV risk behaviors. AIDS, 21(15), 2083–2091.Google Scholar
Montagnier, L. (2002). A history of HIV discovery. Science, 298(5599), 1727–1728.Google Scholar
Morgan, M., Barry, C. A., Donovan, J. L., Sandall, J., Wolfe, C. D., & Boaz, A. (2011). Implementing ‘translational’ biomedical research: Convergence and divergence among clinical and basic scientists. Social Science & Medicine, 73(7), 945–952.Google Scholar
Morton, C. C. (2014). Innovating openly: Researchers and patients turn to crowdsourcing to collaborate on clinical trials, drug discovery, and more. IEEE Pulse, 63–67.Google Scholar
Murray, H. A. (1973). Thematic apperception test. San Antonio, TX: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
NIH. (2011). NIH announces 79 awards to encourage creative ideas in science. Retrieved on from https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-announces-79-awards-encourage-creative-ideas-scienceGoogle Scholar
Nobel Media AB. (2014). The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet – Nobel Prize awarder for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Retrieved on from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/prize_awarder/Google Scholar
Park, A. (2014). The man who co-discovered HIV 30 years ago on why there won’t be a cure for AIDS. Time.Google Scholar
Park, G., Lubinski, D., & Benbow, C. P. (2007). Contrasting intellectual patterns predict creativity in the arts and in the sciences: Tracking intellectually precocious youth over 25 years. Psychological Science, 18, 948–952.Google Scholar
Philipson, L. (2005). Medical research activities, funding, and creativity in Europe. Journal of the American Medical Association, 294(11), 1394–1398.Google Scholar
Piffer, D. (2012). Can creativity be measured? An attempt to clarify the notion of creativity and general directions for future research. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 7, 258–264.Google Scholar
Pomeroy, C. (2015). THe lasker awards at 70. JAMA, 314(11), 1117–1118. DOI:10.1001/jama.2015.10116.Google Scholar
Post, F. (1994). Creativity and psychopathology: A stud of 291 world famous men. British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 22–34.Google Scholar
Prediger, D. J. (1982). Dimensions underlying Holland’s hexagon: Missing link between interest and occupations? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 21, 259–287.Google Scholar
Raskin, E. A. (1936). Comparison of scientific and literary ability: A biographical study of eminent scientists and men of letters of the nineteenth century. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 168, 20–35.Google Scholar
Reif, S. S., Whetten, K., Wilson, E. R., McAllaster, C., Pence, B. W., Legrand, S., & Gong, W. (2014). HIV/AIDS in the Southern USA: A disproportionate epidemic. AIDS Care, 26(3), 351–359.Google Scholar
Remnick, D. (1987, August 9, 1987). Robert Gallo goes to war. Washington Post.Google Scholar
Roe, A. (1953). The making of a scientist. New York, NY: Dodd, Mead.Google Scholar
Segal, S. M., Busse, T. V., & Mansfield, R. S. (1980). The relationship of scientific creativity in the biological sciences to predoctoral accomplishments and experiences. American Educational Research Association, 17(4), 491–502.Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. (2002). Great psychologists and their times: Scientific insights into psychology’s history. Washington, D. C.: APA Books.Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. (2003). Scientific creativity as constrained stochastic behavior: The integration of product, person, and process perspectives. Psychological Bulletin, 129(4), 475–494. DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.475.Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. (2004). Creativity in science: Chance, logic, genius, and zeitgeist. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. (2009). Varieties of (scientific) creativity: a hierarchical model of domain-specific disposition, development, and achievement. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(5), 441–452.Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. (2013). Scientific genius is extinct. Nature, 493, 602.Google Scholar
Tsai, A. C. (2015). Socioeconomic gradients in internalized stigma among 4,314 persons with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior, 19(2), 270–282. DOI:10.1007/s10461-014-0993-7.Google Scholar
Turan, B., Smith, W., Cohen, M. H., Wilson, T. E., & Adimora, A. A. (2016). Depression and social isolation mediate effect of hiv stigma on women’s art adherence. Age (years), 49, 8.59.Google Scholar
van Griensven, F., & Stall, R. D. (2014). Racial disparity in HIV incidence in MSM in the United States: How can it be reduced? AIDS, 28(1), 129–130.Google Scholar
van Zelst, R. H., & Kerr, W. A. (1954). Personality self-assessment of scientific and technical personnel. Journal of Applied Psychology, 38, 145–147.Google Scholar
Varmus, H. (2009). The art and politics of science. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Villarosa, L. (2017). America’s hidden H.I.V. epidemic. The New York Times Magazine, 38–49.Google Scholar
Wainwright, S. P., Williams, C., Michael, M., Farsides, B., & Cribb, A. (2006). From bench to bedside? Biomedical scientists’ expectations of stem cell science as a future therapy for diabetes. Social Science & Medicine, 63(8), 2052–2064.Google Scholar
Witkin, E. M. (1976). Ultraviolet mutagenesis and inducible DNA repair in Escherischia coli. Bacteriological Reviews, 40(4), 869–907.Google Scholar
Woolf, S. H. (2008). The meaning of translational research and why it matters. JAMA, 299(2), 211–213.Google Scholar
Zerhouni, E. A. (2003). The NIH roadmap. Science, 302(5642), 63–72.Google Scholar
Zerhouni, E. A. (2005). US biomedical research: basic, translational, and clinical sciences. JAMA, 294(11), 1352–1358.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×