Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-mzp66 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-31T06:48:43.906Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Conduct Risk as a Possible Approach for Enhancing Awareness and Management of ESG-Related Risks

from Part II - Ethics and Sustainability in Corporate Law, Corporate Governance and Conduct

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2025

Kern Alexander
Affiliation:
University of Zurich
Matteo Gargantini
Affiliation:
University of Genoa
Michele Siri
Affiliation:
University of Genoa
Get access

Summary

This study enquires about the role of conduct risk with respect to the currently evolving ESG-related regulation wave. It questions the relevance of conduct risk as an additional determinant of banks’ effective intermediation in the ESG value chain, in addition to normatively set non-financial reporting, governance and due diligence duties. The suitability of a conduct risk-based approach to the identification and management of ESG risks is grounded in the conceptualization of ESG regulations as (sustainable) conduct of business rules centred on the management of ESG risk. This systemic reading of ESG-related rules explains and at the same time supports the main assumption underlying this study, namely that, while setting norms of conduct for the management of sustainability risks, the emerging framework engenders new risks of unsustainable conduct. The analysis finally argues that the flexible and cultural-sensitive nature of conduct risk makes it an effective tool for the forecast, correction and even prevention of potentially harmful misconducts directly stemming from either the missed or wrongful enactment of ESG policies. Ultimately, it is argued that the employment of conduct risk in the field of ESG is useful to re-conceptualize the bank’s internal risk management of inappropriate behaviour, also from a prudential perspective.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of EU Sustainable Finance
Regulation, Supervision and Governance
, pp. 187 - 213
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Angelini, P. (2021), ‘La cultura del rischio’, speech held at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, 15 October, available at: https://bit.ly/4bOaGuo.Google Scholar
BCBS (2006), ‘International Convergence on Capital Measurement and Capital Standards – A Revised Framework’, available at: www.bis.org/publ/bcbs128.htm.Google Scholar
BCBS (2001), ‘Sound Practices for the Management and Supervision of Operational Risk Operational Risk’, available at: www.bis.org/publ/bcbs86.pdf.Google Scholar
Blackrock (2021), ‘Study on the “Development of Tools and Mechanisms for the Integration of ESG Factors into the EU Banking Prudential Framework and into Banks’ Business Strategies and Investment Policies”’, May, available at: https://bit.ly/4c3UPrT.Google Scholar
Bodellini, M. and Singh, D. (2021), ‘Sustainability and finance: Utopian oxymoron or achievable companionship?10 Law and Economics Yearly Review 1, 163188.Google Scholar
Cherednychenko, O. O. (2021), ‘Two sides of the same coin: EU financial regulation and private law22 European Business Organization Law Review, 147172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicirko, M., Kawiński, M. and Petelczyc, J. (2020), Consumer Testing of Pre-contractual and Periodic ESG Financial Product Information. Warsaw School of Economics.Google Scholar
Colaert, V. (2022), ‘The changing nature of financial regulation: Sustainable finance as a new EU policy objective59 Common Market Law Review 6, 16691710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, P. et al. (2021), ‘Commentary: The European Parliament’s Draft Directive on Corporate Due Diligence and Corporate Accountability’ ECGI, 19 April.Google Scholar
De Pascalis, F. (2019), ‘Conduct risk: Meaning, interpretation and dissension30 European Business Law Review 6, 947964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EBA (European Banking Authority) (2021), Report on Management and Supervision on ESG Risks for Credit Institutions and Investment Firms, EBA/REP/2021/18, 23 June, available at: https://bit.ly/4c4hvaI.Google Scholar
EBA (European Banking Authority) (2022a), Guidelines on Common Procedures and Methodologies for the Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP) and Supervisory Stress Testing under Directive 2013/36/EU, EBA/GL/2022/03, available at: https://bit.ly/3x2HTmL.Google Scholar
EBA (European Banking Authority) (2022b), Report on Incorporating ESG Risks in the Supervision of Investment Firms. Report Complementing EBA/REP/2021/18, EBA/REP/2022/26, 24 October, available at: https://bit.ly/3Rclf2c.Google Scholar
EBA (European Banking Authority) (2022c), Discussion Paper on the Role of Environmental Risks in the Prudential Framework, EBA/DP/2022/02, 2 May, available at: https://bit.ly/3Vg1isi.Google Scholar
EBA-EIOPA-ESMA (European Banking Authority/European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority/European Securities and Markets Authority) (2021), Final Report on Draft Regulatory Technical Standards, with Regard to the Content, Methodologies and Presentation of Disclosures Pursuant to Article 2a(3), Article 4(6) and (7), Article 8(3), Article 9(5), Article 10(2) and Article 11(4) of Regulation (EU) 2019/2088, JC 2021 03, 2 February, available at: https://bit.ly/4aX93ZT.Google Scholar
EBA-ESMA (European Banking Authority/European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority) (2022), Joint EBA and ESMA Guidelines on Common Procedures and Methodologies for the Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP) under Directive (EU) 2019/2034, EBA/GL/2022/09, ESMA35-36-2621, 21 July 2022, available at: https://bit.ly/4aVZk6a.Google Scholar
EIOPA (European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority) (2019a), ‘Framework for Assessing Conduct Risk Through the Product Lifecycle’, available at: https://bit.ly/4aPJiuD.Google Scholar
EIOPA (European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority) (2019b), ‘Technical Advice on the integration of sustainability risks and factors in the delegated acts under Solvency II and IDD’, EIOPA-BoS-19/172, 30 April, available at: https://bit.ly/3yJx9di.Google Scholar
EIOPA (European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority) (2022), Report on EIOPA Supervisory Activities in 2021, available at: https://bit.ly/4aPJiuD.Google Scholar
English, S., Hammond, S., Kovas, A. and Parry, H. (2018), Culture and Conduct Risk 2018: Benchmarking Five Years of Implementation. Thompson Reuters.Google Scholar
Enriques, L. (2021), ‘The European Parliament Draft Directive on Corporate Due Diligence and Accountability: Stakeholder-oriented governance on steroids’, 2/3 Rivista delle Società, 319324.Google Scholar
ESMA (European Securities and Markets Authority) (2019a), ‘ESMA’s technical advice to the European Commission on integrating sustainability risks and factors in MiFID II’, 30 April.Google Scholar
ESMA (European Securities and Markets Authority) (2019b), ‘ESMA’s technical advice to the European Commission on integrating sustainability risks and factors in the UCITS Directive and AIFMD’, 30 April.Google Scholar
ESMA (European Securities and Markets Authority) (2022), ‘Call for evidence on market characteristics for ESG Rating Providers in the EU’, 3 February – 11 March, available at: https://bit.ly/4e5djtr.Google Scholar
ESRB (2015), Report on Misconduct Risk in the Banking Sector, available at: https://bit.ly/4aN5Dc9.Google Scholar
EU Technical Expert Group on Sustainable Finance (2019), Taxonomy Technical Report, June, available at: https://bit.ly/3OZW7dO.Google Scholar
European Central Bank (2020), ‘Guide on climate-related and environmental risks’, available at: https://bit.ly/3RfCgZc.Google Scholar
European Commission (2018), ‘Action Plan: Financing Sustainable Growth’, COM/2018/097 final, July.Google Scholar
European Commission (2019), ‘The European Green Deal’, COM/2019/640 final, 11 December.Google Scholar
European Commission (2021), ‘Strategy for Financing the Transition to a Sustainable Economy’, COM/2021/390 final, 6 July.Google Scholar
European Commission (2022a), ‘Consultation on the functioning of the ESG ratings market in the European Union and on the consideration of ESG factors in credit ratings’, 4 April – 6 June.Google Scholar
European Commission (2022b), ‘Study on feasibility, minimum standards and transparency requirements of an EU ESG benchmark Label’, April.Google Scholar
FCA (Financial Conduct Authority) (2013), ‘Risk Outlook 2013’, available at: https://bit.ly/3KuFWm2.Google Scholar
FCA (Financial Conduct Authority) (2020), ‘“Messages from the Engine Room” 5 Conduct Questions’, Industry Feedback for 2019/20, Wholesale Banking Supervision, September.Google Scholar
Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2017), ‘Misconduct, Culture and Supervision’, available at: https://nyfed.org/3XabxRy.Google Scholar
FSB (Financial Stability Board) (2014), ‘Guidance on Supervisory interaction with Financial Institutions on Risk Culture – A Framework for Assessing Risk Culture’, available at: https://bit.ly/3X9i5jh.Google Scholar
FSB (Financial Stability Board) (2017), ‘Stocktake of Efforts to Strengthen Governance Frameworks to Mitigate Conduct Risk’, available at: https://bit.ly/3Vx2hpB.Google Scholar
FSB (Financial Stability Board) (2018), ‘Strengthening Governance Framework to Mitigate Misconduct Risk: A Toolkit for Firms and Supervisors’, available at: www.fsb.org/2017/05/stocktake-of-efforts-to-strengthen-governance-frameworks-to-mitigate-misconduct-risks/.Google Scholar
Fish, J. E. (2019), ‘Making sustainability disclosure sustainable107 The Georgetown Law Journal, 923966.Google Scholar
Fletcher, L. and Oliver, J. (2022), ‘Green funds risk a red flag’ Financial Times, 21 February.Google Scholar
G20 (2022), ‘High Level Principles on Financial Consumer Protection’, available at: https://bit.ly/3RgjnFn.Google Scholar
G30 (2018), ‘Banking Conduct and Culture – A Permanent Mindset Change’, available at: https://owy.mn/4bOldps.Google Scholar
Joint ESAs (2022), Final Report on Digital Finance.Google Scholar
JRC (2021), Development of EU Ecolabel Criteria for Retail Financial Products – Technical Report 4.0: Draft Proposal for the Product Scope and Criteria, March, available at: https://bit.ly/3KxJtjr.Google Scholar
Kaplov, L. (1992), ‘Rules vs. standards, an economic analysis42 Duke Law Journal 3, 559629.Google Scholar
MacNeil, I. (2015), ‘Rethinking Conduct Regulation’, University of Glasgow Working Paper.Google Scholar
Manes, P. (2019), ‘Assessing conduct risk: A new challenge for sustainable corporate governance30 European Business Law Review 6, 9851014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moloney, N. (2018), ‘EU financial market governance and the retail investor: Reflections at an inflection point37 Yearbook of European Law 251304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moosa, I. A. (2006), ‘Misconceptions about operational risk4 Journal of Operational Risk 1, 97104.Google Scholar
Moosa, I. A. (2008), Quantification of Operational Risk under Basel II: The Good, Bad and Ugly (London: Palgrave Macmillan).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, S. (2022), ‘HSBC Faces Greenwashing Accusations from UK Advertising Watchdog’ Financial Times, 29 April.Google Scholar
Omarova, S. T. (2018), ‘Ethical finance as a systemic challenge: Risk, culture, and structure27 Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy 3, 799839.Google Scholar
Platform on Sustainable Finance (2022), Final Report by Subgroup 4: Social Taxonomy, 28 February.Google Scholar
Sciarrone Alibrandi, A. and Frigeni, C. (2019), ‘Managing conduct risk: From rules to culture’, in Bush, D., Ferrarini, G. and Solinge, G. Van (eds.), Governance of Financial Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 468488.Google Scholar
Siri, M. and Zhu, S. (2019), ‘Will the EU Commission Successfully Integrate Sustainability Risks and Factors in the Investor Protection Regime? A Research Agenda’ Sustainability, 8 November.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuch, A. F. (2015), ‘Conduct of business regulation’, in Moloney, N., Ferran, E. and Payne, J. (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Financial Regulation (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 537568.Google Scholar
UNEPF (2019), Principles on Responsible Banking (PRB), available at: www.unepfi.org/banking/more-about-the-principles/.Google Scholar
Walker, O. and Miller, J. (2022), ‘German police raid DWS and Deutsche Bank over Greenwashing Allegations’ Financial Times, 31 May.Google Scholar
Zetsche, D. A. and Anker-Sørensen, L. (2022), ‘Regulating sustainable finance in the dark23 European Business Organization Review, 4785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×