Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T13:42:44.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

4 - The Mystery of Identity: Fundamental Questions, Elusive Answers

from Part I - The Origin and Development of the Concept of Identity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 October 2021

Michael Bamberg
Affiliation:
Clark University, Massachusetts
Carolin Demuth
Affiliation:
Aalborg University, Denmark
Meike Watzlawik
Affiliation:
Sigmund Freud University, Berlin
Get access

Summary

That psychologists, among others, have sought to contain identity in one way or another stands to reason; it is important, at times, to get hold of what we can. It is equally important, however, to recognize and avow the existence of phenomena that resist this getting-hold and that therefore require something else, something better suited to the phenomena in question. In the case of identity, this something, I suggest, is literature, broadly conceived. In offering this perspective, I make no claims at all about the coherence or continuity of identity. Nor do I seek to specify what form of literature is required. Some identities may lend themselves to comparatively smooth beginning-middle-end tales; others, to more modern or post-modern forms; others still, perhaps, to the free verse of poetry. It all depends on the questions one asks, the person doing the questioning, and, not least, the history that precedes us, uncontainable and unnamable though it is. Whatever else identity may be, it remains something of a mystery. Rather than this being cause for despair, however, it is cause for celebration – quiet celebration, founded in the unending inspiration of what we do and cannot know about our own deepest strata.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). Speech Genres and Other Late Essays. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Bamberg, M. (2006). Stories: Big or small – Why do we care? Narrative Inquiry, 16, 139147.Google Scholar
Bamberg, M. (2011). Who am I? Narration and its contribution to self and identity. Theory & Psychology, 21(1), 324.Google Scholar
Bamberg, M. & Georgakopoulou, A. (2008). Small stories as a new perspective in narrative and identity analysis. Text & Talk, 28, 377396.Google Scholar
Barthes, R. (1989). Roland Barthes. New York, NY: Noonday Press.Google Scholar
Bruner, J. (1987). Life as narrative. Social Research, 54, 1132.Google Scholar
Bruner, J. (1991). Self-making and world-making. Journal of Aesthetic Education, 25, 6778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buber, M. (1965). Between Man and Man. New York, NY: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Buber, M. (1970). I and Thou. New York, NY: Charles Scribner’s and Sons.Google Scholar
Critchley, S. (2015). Memory Theater. New York, NY: Other Press.Google Scholar
Flanagan, O. (1996). Self Expressions: Mind, Morals, and the Meaning of Life. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. (1998). Mythical time, historical time, and the narrative fabric of the self. Narrative Inquiry, 8, 2750.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. (1999). Culture, narrative, and the poetic construction of selfhood. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 12, 99116.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. (2002). Charting the narrative unconscious: Cultural memory and the challenge of autobiography. Narrative Inquiry, 12, 193211.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. (2006). Life “on holiday”? In defense of big stories. Narrative Inquiry, 16, 131138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, M. (2007). Narrative and relation: The place of the Other in the story of the self. In Josselson, R., Lieblich, A., & McAdams, D. (Eds.), The Meaning of Others: Narrative Studies of Relationships (pp. 1119). Washington, DC: APA Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, M. (2010a). The space of selfhood: Culture, narrative, identity. In Kirschner, S. R. & Martin, J. (Eds.), The Sociocultural Turn: The Contextual Emergence of Mind and Self (pp. 137158). New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. (2010b). Hindsight: The Promise and Peril of Looking Backward. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. (2011). Stories, big and small: Toward a synthesis. Theory & Psychology, 21, 114121.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. (2013a). Axes of identity: Persona, perspective, and the meaning of (Keith Richards’s) Life. In Holler, C. & Klepper, M. (Eds.), Rethinking Narrative Identity: Persona and Perspective (pp. 4968). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, M. (2013b). Storied persons: The “double triad” of narrative identity. In Martin, J. & Bickhard, M. H. (Eds.), Contemporary Perspectives in the Psychology of Personhood: Philosophical, Historical, Psychological, and Narrative (pp. 223241). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. (2014a). The Priority of the Other: Thinking and Living beyond the Self. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. (2014b). Qualitative inquiry and the self-realization of psychological science. Qualitative Inquiry, 20, 119126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, M. (2015). Discerning oneself: A plea for the whole. In McLean, K. C. & Syed, M. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Identity Development (pp. 182191). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. (2018). Living in verse: Sites of the poetic imagination. In Lehmann, O. V., Chaudhary, N., Bastos, A. C., & Abbey, E. (Eds.), Poetry and Imagined Worlds (pp. 139154). London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. (2019). Toward a poetics of the Other: New directions in post-scientific psychology. In Teo, T. (Ed.), Re-envisioning Theoretical Psychology: Diverging Ideas and Practices (pp. 124). London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. (2020). Psychology as literature. Narrative knowing and the project of the psychological humanities. In Sugarman, J. & Martin, J. (Eds.), A Humanities Approach to the Psychology of Personhood (pp. 3048). London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freud, S. (1953/1900). The Interpretation of Dreams. Standard Edition, Vols. 4 & 5. London: Hogarth.Google Scholar
Gadamer, H.-G. (1975). Truth and Method. New York, NY: Crossroad.Google Scholar
Gadamer, H.-G. (1976). Philosophical Hermeneutics. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Gazzaniga, M. S. (1998). The Mind’s Past. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Georgakopoulou, A. (2006). Thinking big with small narrative and identity analysis. Narrative Inquiry, 16, 129137.Google Scholar
Georgakopoulou, A. (2007). Small Stories, Interaction and Identities. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Gusdorf, G. (1980/1956). Conditions and limits of autobiography. In Olney, J. (Ed.), Autobiography: Essays Theoretical and Critical (pp. 2848). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Heidegger, M. (1971). Poetry, Language, Thought. New York, NY: Harper Colophon.Google Scholar
Heidegger, M. (1977). The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays. New York, NY: Harper Torchbooks.Google Scholar
Izenberg, G. (2016). Identity: The Necessity of a Modern Idea. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
James, W. (1950/1890). The Principles of Psychology, Volume One. New York, NY: Dover.Google Scholar
Knausgaard, K. O. (2018). Inadvertent. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levinas, E. (1985). Ethics and Infinity. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.Google Scholar
Levinas, E. (1994). Outside the Subject. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Marcel, G. (1950). The Mystery of Being, Vol. 1: Reflection and Mystery. Chicago, IL: Henry Regnery.Google Scholar
McAdams, D. P. & McLean, K. C. (2013). Narrative identity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 233238.Google Scholar
Murdoch, I. (1970). The Sovereignty of Good. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ricœur, P. (1970). Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Ricœur, P. (1974). The Conflict of Interpretations. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
Ricœur, P. (1981). Narrative time. In Mitchell, W. J. T. (Ed.), On Narrative (pp. 165186). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ricœur, P. (1991). Life in quest of narrative. In Wood, D. (Ed.), On Paul Ricœur: Narrative and Interpretation (pp. 2033). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ricœur, P. (1992). Oneself as Another. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Robinson, M. (2012). When I Was a Child, I Read Books. New York, NY: Picador.Google Scholar
Schachtel, E. G. (1959). Metamorphosis: On the Conflict of Human Development and the Problem of Creativity. New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Seigel, J. (2005). The Idea of the Self: Thought and Experience in Western Europe since the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Singer, J. A. (2004). Narrative identity and meaning-making across the adult lifespan: An introduction. Journal of Personality, 72, 437459.Google Scholar
Szymborska, W. (1996). The poet and the world (Nobel Lecture), last accessed April 13, 2021 at www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1996/szymborska/lecture/.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. (1989). Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. (1991). The Ethics of Authenticity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Weintraub, K. (1975). Autobiography and historical consciousness. Critical Inquiry, 1, 821848.Google Scholar
Wilkormirski, B. (1996). Fragments: Memories of a Wartime Childhood. New York, NY: Schocken.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×