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Chapter 14 - Racial and Ethnic Group Differences in Intelligence in the United States

Multicultural Perspectives

from Part III - Intelligence and Group Differences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
Lisa A. Suzuki ,
Ellen L. Short  and
Christina S. Lee
Edited by
Robert J. Sternberg  and
Scott Barry Kaufman
Robert J. Sternberg
Affiliation:
Oklahoma State University
Scott Barry Kaufman
Affiliation:
New York University
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Summary

The relationship between culture and intelligence is complex and characterized by a lack of consensus regarding the definition and operationalization of each construct. Due to limited or non-existent health care, particular racial and ethnic groups are at greater risk for sensory loss and other health problems that may lower their performance on intelligence measures, for example, higher blood lead levels leading to cognitive deficits. This chapter discusses the measures of intelligence that include g factor, test bias, cultural loading, and test fairness. A number of alternative assessment practices have emerged in recent years in part to address criticisms of the usage of intelligence tests with members of racial and ethnic minority groups. It should be noted that the IQ difference between Black and White 12- year-olds has dropped 5.5 points. Asians and Asian Americans have often obtained the highest group averages on standardized intelligence tests.

Keywords

beliefscognitive performanceenvironmental factorsworking memory capacityinstructionintelligence
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence , pp. 273 - 292
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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