Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T12:36:42.264Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 23 - Grammaticalization in Korean

from Part V - Sociolinguistics and Psycholinguistics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 September 2022

By
Seongha Rhee
Edited by
Sungdai Cho  and
John Whitman
Sungdai Cho
Affiliation:
Binghamton University, State University of New York
John Whitman
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
Get access

Summary

Chapter 23 reviews the role of grammaticalization at different levels of grammar: phonological, morpho-syntactic, paradigmatic, and semantic-pragmatic. It first discusses the dischronic principles and mechanisms that have been proposed in previous grammaticalization studies. The chapter then examines the prominent patterns by source category, dividing these into nouns and verbs. In the nominal category, four source construction types are illustrated with the reanalyses that led to their emergence as grammatical forms such as postpositions, conjunctions, and auxiliaries. In the verbal category, four source construction types are illustrated, with special focus on the grammaticalization of de-verbal postpositions and auxiliary verbs. The chapter further addresses select aspects of Korean grammaticalization from a typological perspective. It discusses the productive use of affixes, converbs, and predicatives known as “mermaid constructions”, which are among the characteristics shared by many languages in the eastern Eurasian region. It also discusses the presence of large inventories of de-verbal postpositions and numeral classifiers.

Keywords

grammaticalizationphonological reductionfusionparadigmaticizationsubjectificationmermaid constructionsconverbde-verbal postpositionnumeral classifiercontact-induced change
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Korean Linguistics , pp. 659 - 688
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahn, Joo-Hoh. 1994. Tongsaeyse phasayngtoyn ilunpa “hwuchisalyu”-uy mwunpephwa yenkwu [A grammaticalization study on the so-called “postpositionoid” derived from verb]. Mal 19: 133–54.Google Scholar
Ahn, Joo-Hoh. 1996. A study of the phenomena of grammaticization in the Korean noun. Ph.D. dissertation, Yonsei University.Google Scholar
Ahn, Joo-Hoh. 2000. “Kule-” kyeyyel cepsoksauy hyengsengkwacengkwa mwunpephwa [The formative processes of the kule- paradigm connectives and their grammaticalization]. Korean Journal of Linguistics 35: 113–41.Google Scholar
Ahn, Kyou Dong. 2005. Semantic generality dilemma in grammaticalization: A case of cappacita. The Journal of Linguistic Science 32: 159–78.Google Scholar
Ahn, Mikyung. 2010. From “favor” to “cause”: The English causal adposition thanks to and its Korean counterpart tekpwuney. Language Sciences 32: 579–87. doi: 10.1016/j.langsci.2010.03.002.Google Scholar
Ahn, Mikyung. 2016. Surprise in discourse: The mirative meanings of ta(ha)-derived sentence final particles in Korean. Language and Linguistics 71: 95–114. doi: 10.20865/20167105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
An, Hyo-pal. 1983. Hesahwauy yenkwu [A study of the formation of empty words]. Master’s thesis, Kyungnam University.Google Scholar
Baek, Junghye. 2011. From “follow” to “counter-expectation” concepts: A case of Korean postposition ttala(se). The Journal of Linguistic Science 58: 93–110.Google Scholar
Baek, Junghye. 2015. From nominals to epistemic markers: With reference to the Korean defective noun moyang “appearance”. The Journal of Linguistic Science 74: 109–26.Google Scholar
Baek, Nak-chen. 2005. Morpho-syntactic properties of the auxiliary verbs in Korean. Journal of the Society of Korean Language and Culture 28: 229–48.Google Scholar
Bopp, Franz. 1816. Über das Conjugationassystem der Sanskritsprache in Vergleichung mit Jenem der Griechischen, Lateinischen, Persischen und Germanischen Sprachen. Frankfurt: Andreische.Google Scholar
Cho, Mihee. 2013. Subjectification of Korean auxiliary verbs: The case of -e noh-, -e tu-, -e chiwu- and -e peli-. Hyengthaylon/Morphology 15(1): 35–54.Google Scholar
Choe, Hyun-Bae. 1989 [1929]. Wulimalpon [Korean grammar] Seoul: Jungeumsa.Google Scholar
Choi, Dong Joo. 1995. A study on the historical change of the tense-aspect-mood system in Korean. Ph.D. dissertation, Seoul National University.Google Scholar
Chung, Jae-young. 1996[1993]. A study on the grammaticalization of da syntagma in Middle Korean. Ph.D. dissertation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. Seoul: Thayhaksa.Google Scholar
Craig, Collette. 1991. Ways to go in Rama: A case study in polygrammaticalization. In Traugott, Elizabeth C. and Heine, Bernd, eds., Approaches to Grammaticalization, 2 vols. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 455–92.Google Scholar
Djamouri, Redouan, and Paul, Waltraud. 2009. Verb-to-preposition reanalysis in Chinese. In Crisma, Paola and Longobardi, Giuseppe, eds., Historical Syntax and Linguistic Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 194–211.Google Scholar
Evans, Nicolas. 2007. Insubordination and its uses. In Nikolaeva, Irina, ed., Finiteness: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 366–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, Nicholas. 2009. Insubordination and the grammaticalisation of interactive presuppositions. Paper presented at Methodologies in Determining Morphosyntactic Change Conference, Museum of Ethnography, Osaka, March 2009.Google Scholar
Evans, Nicholas, and Watanabe, Honoré, eds. 2016. Insubordination. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. and Hasan, Ruqaiya. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Han, Tong-wan. 1986. A diachronic study on the Korean past tense -ess. Journal of Korean Linguistics 15: 217–48.Google Scholar
Han, Yong-Woon. 2003. Ene Tanwi Pyenhwawa Cosahwa [On change of linguistic units and particlization]. Seoul: Hankook Publisher.Google Scholar
Harder, Peter, and Boye, Kasper. 2013. Grammaticalization and functional linguistics. In Narrog, Heiko and Heine, Bernd, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 56–68.Google Scholar
Haspelmath, Martin 2011. The gradual coalescence into “words” in grammaticalization. In Narrog, Heiko and Heine, Bernd, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 342–55.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd. 2003. Grammaticalization. In Joseph, Brian D. and Janda, Richard D., eds., The Handbook of Historical Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 575–60.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd, Claudi, Ulrike, and Hünnemeyer, Friederike. 1991. Grammaticalization: A Conceptual Framework. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd, and Kuteva, Tania. 2002a. World Lexicon of Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heine, Bernd, and Kuteva, Tania. 2002b. On the evolution of grammatical forms. In Wray, Alison, ed., The Transition to Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 376–97.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd, and Kuteva, Tania. 2005. Language Contact and Grammatical Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd, and Kuteva, Tania. 2007. The Genesis of Grammar: A Reconstruction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd, and Reh, Mechthild. 1984. Patterns of Grammaticalization in African Languages. AKUP 47 (Arbeiten des Kölner Universalien-Projekts.) Cologne: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, Universität zu Köln.Google Scholar
Heo, Jae Young. 2000. Phwulimal twuta-uy mwunpephwa [Grammaticalization of the verb twuta]. Kyereyemunhak 25: 181–96.Google Scholar
Ho, Kwang Su. 2003 [1999]. Kwuke pocoyongen kwuseng yenkwu [A study of Korean auxiliary verb constructions]. Seoul: Yeklak.Google Scholar
Hong, Jongseon. 1983. Myengsahwa emiuy pyenchen [Historical change of nominalizing particles]. The Journal of Korean Language and Literature 89: 31–89.Google Scholar
Hong, Yoon-Pyo. 1984. Hyentaykwukeuy hwuchisa kaciko [The postposition -kaciko in Modern Korean]. Tongyanghak 14: 25–40.Google Scholar
Hopper, Paul J. 1991. On some principles of grammaticalization. In Traugott, Elizabeth C. and Heine, Bernd, eds., Approaches to Grammaticalization, 2 vols. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, vol. 1 pp. 17–35.Google Scholar
Hopper, Paul J., and Traugott, Elizabeth C.. 2003 [1993]. Grammaticalization, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Horn Tooke, John. 1857 [1786 and 1805]. Epea Pteroenta, or, the Diversions of Purley, 2 vols. London: Johnson.Google Scholar
Huh, Woong. 1954. Contaypepsa [A history of the honorification system]. Sungkyunhakpo 1: 139–207.Google Scholar
Huh, Woong. 1982. Hankwukmal ttaymaykimpepuy keleon palcashwi [The developmental path of Korean tense system]. Han-geul 178: 3–52. (Reprinted in Huh 1987, pp. 197–245.)Google Scholar
Huh, Woong. 1987. Kwuke Ttaymaykimpepuy Pyencheonsa [A developmental history of the Korean tense system]. Seoul: Saem Publishing.Google Scholar
Huh, Woong. 1988. 16-seyki kwuke thossi yenkwu: 15-seykieyse pakkwieon palcachwilul tetumnunta [A study of the 16th century Korean particles: In contrast with the 15th century particles]. Tongpanghakci 59: 1–67.Google Scholar
Humboldt, Wilhelm von. 1825 [1822]. Über das Entstehen der grammatischen Formen und ihren Einfluß auf die Ideenentwicklung: Gelesen in der Academie der Wissenschaften am 17. Januar 1822. Abhandlungen der Kniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (pp. 401–30).Google Scholar
Janhunen, Juha. 2000. Grammatical genders from east to west. In Unterbeck, Barbara, ed., Gender in Grammar and Cognition. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 689–707.Google Scholar
Johanson, Lars. 1995. On Turkic converb clauses. In Haspelmath, Martin and König, Ekkehard, eds., Converbs in Cross-Linguistic Perspective. Structure and Meaning of Adverbial Verb Forms – Adverbial Participles, Gerunds. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 313–47.Google Scholar
Johanson, Lars, and Robbeets, Martine. 2010. Introduction. In Lars, Johanson and Martine, Robbeets, eds., Transeurasian Verbal Morphology in a Comparative Perspective: Genealogy, Contact, Chance, (Turcologica, vol. 78). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 1–5.Google Scholar
Joseph, Brian D. 2003. Morphologization from syntax. In Joseph, Brian and Janda, Richard D., eds., The Handbook of Historical Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 472–92.Google Scholar
Jung, Yonhee. 2001. Grammaticalization of Korean clause connectives. Ph.D. dissertation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies.Google Scholar
Jung, Yonhee. 2017. Semantic change and grammaticalization of the Korean auxiliary construction -e pota. Discourse and Cognition 24(3): 53–75. doi: 10.15718/discog.2017.24.3.53.Google Scholar
Kang, So-Yeong. 2001. A study on the process of grammaticalization in Korean nouns. Ph.D. dissertation, Ewha Woman’s University.Google Scholar
Kim, Bang-Han. 1957. Kwuke cwukyekcepmisa i-ko [Thoughts on the Korean nominative -i]. Nonmwuncip 4: 67–106.Google Scholar
Kim, Eunmi. 2016. Emergence of stance markers from auxiliaries in Korean: Grammaticalization of tay- “touch” and ssah- “pile up”. Discourse and Cognition 23(3): 1–19. doi: 10.15718/discog.2016.23.3.1.Google Scholar
Kim, Hyung-Kyu. 1954. Cwukyektho ka-ey tayhan soko [Thoughts on the nominative particle -ka]. In Choyhyenpaysensayng Hwankapkinyem Nonmwuncip [Festschrift in honor of Dr. Choe Hyun Bae’s 60th Birthday]. Seoul: Sasangkyesa, pp. 92–107.Google Scholar
Kim, Hyung-Kyu. 1982 [1954]. Kwukehaksa [A history of Korean linguistics]. Seoul: Youngmoonsa.Google Scholar
Kim, Joungmin. 2013. Mermaid construction in Korean. In Tsunoda, Tasaku, ed., Adnominal Clauses and the “Mermaid Construction”: Grammaticalization of Nouns. Tachikawa: National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, pp. 249–96.Google Scholar
Kim, Minju. 2008a. The emergence of the Korean modal -keyss-: From causative to epistemic and volitive modal. Discourse and Cognition 15(2): 1–27.Google Scholar
Kim, Minju. 2008b. A corpus-based study of grammaticalization of “take” into instrumental, sequential, and causal markers in Korean. Korean Journal of Linguistics 33(3): 387–420.Google Scholar
Kim, Minju. 2010. The historical development of Korean siph- “to think” into markers of desire, inference, and similarity. Journal of Pragmatics 42: 1000–16.Google Scholar
Kim, Minju. 2011. Grammaticalization in Korean: The Evolution of the Existential Verb. London: Saffron Books.Google Scholar
Kim, Moon-Woong. 1975. Kwukeuy hesa hyengsengey kwanhan yenkwu [A study on the formation of empty words in Korean]. Master’s thesis, Kyungpuk National University.Google Scholar
Kim, Seung-Gon. 1982. An etymological study of Korean particles (II). Kentayhakswulci 26: 25–56.Google Scholar
Kim, Seung-Gon. 2004. Kwuke Thossi Ewenkwa Yongpep: Hyangkaeyse 1930-nyenkkaci [Etymologies and usages of Korean particles: From Hyangka to 1930]. Seoul: Yeklak.Google Scholar
Kim, Tae-yop. 1998. The functional shift of endings from nonfinal to final. Eonehag: The Journal of the Linguistic Society of Korea 22: 171–89.Google Scholar
Kim, Tae-yop. 2001. Kwuke Congkyelemiuy Mwunpep [A grammar of Korean sentence-enders]. Seoul: Kwukhakcalyowen.Google Scholar
Ko, Kwang-Mo. 2002. The development of the imperative ending -ge in Korean. Han-geul 257: 129–66.Google Scholar
Ko, Kwang-Mo. 2006. Sentence-final endings that developed from the -ge ha- construction in Korean. Eonehag: The Journal of the Linguistic Society of Korea 46: 61–79.Google Scholar
Ko, Yong-Kun. 1985. Hankwue Yenkwusa [History of Korean linguistic research]. Seoul: Hakyonsa.Google Scholar
Ko, Yong-Kun. 2013. A study of Korean verbal morphology and its typological implications. Hyengthaylon/Morphology 15(1): 1–34.Google Scholar
Ko, Young-Jin. 1995. A study of the processes of grammaticalization in Korean predicates: From syntactic constructions to morphological constructions. Ph.D. dissertation, Yonsei University.Google Scholar
König, Ekkehard. 1995. The meaning of converb constructions. In Haspelmath, Martin and König, Ekkehard, eds., Converbs in Cross-Linguistic Perspective. Structure and Meaning of Adverbial Verb Forms – Adverbial Participles, Gerunds. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 57–95.Google Scholar
Koo, Hyun Jung. 1987. Ssikkuth -a, -key, -ci, -ko-uy ssuimkwa uymi [The usage and semantics of suffixes -a, -key, -ci, and -ko]. Konkukemwunhak 11–12: 167–88.Google Scholar
Koo, Hyun Jung. 2003. On aspects of grammaticalization of “giving” verbs in Korean. Eonehag: The Journal of the Linguistic Society of Korea 37: 3–24.Google Scholar
Koo, Hyun Jung. 2005. Conditional markers in speech context: From conditional to politeness. Discourse and Cognition 12(2): 1–22.Google Scholar
Koo, Hyun Jung. 2010. Fused paradigms: Grammaticalization approach to extension of conditional markers. Han-geul 287: 46–71.Google Scholar
Koo, Hyun Jung. 2015. On discourse strategy of hypothetical quotatives in Korean. Discourse and Cognition 22(2): 1–27.Google Scholar
Koo, Hyun Jung, and Rhee, Seongha. 2001. Grammaticalization of a sentential end marker from a conditional marker. Discourse and Cognition 8(1): 1–19.Google Scholar
Koo, Hyun Jung, and Rhee, Seongha. 2008. Manipulated hypotheticality in conditionals: A journey in search of strength and diversity. Paper presented at the 4th New Reflections on Grammaticalization Conference, Catholic University of Leuven, July 16–19, 2008.Google Scholar
Kwon, Jae-il. 1985. Hyentaykwukeuy uyconmyengsa yenkwu [A study of dependent nouns in Modern Korean]. In Festschrift publication committee, ed., Sotang Chensikwen Paksa Hwakapkinyem Kwukehak Nonchong [Papers on Korean linguistics, Festschrift for Dr. Sodang Chun Si-kwon for his 60th Birthday]. Seoul: Hyungseol Publishing, pp. 89–112.Google Scholar
Kwon, Jae-il. 1998a. Historical change of the quotation sentence constructions in Korean. Eonehag: The Journal of the Linguistic Society of Korea 22: 59–79.Google Scholar
Kwon, Jae-il. 1998b. Hankwuke Mwunpepsa [A history of Korean grammar]. Seoul: Pagijong Press.Google Scholar
Lee, Hee-Ja, and Lee, Jong-Hee. 2010. Emi Cosa Sacen [A dictionary of endings and particles]. Seoul: Hankook Publisher.Google Scholar
Lee, Hi Seung. 1947. Cosenehaknonko [Korean linguistic research]. Seoul: Eulyumunhwasa.Google Scholar
Lee, Hi Seung. 1956. On the word itta (to be). Nonmwuncip 3: 17–47.Google Scholar
Lee, Hyeon-hie. 1982. Kwuke congkyelemiuy paltaley tayhan kwankyen [Thoughts on the development of sentence-final particles in Korean]. Journal of Korean Linguistics 11: 143–63.Google Scholar
Lee, Hyeon-hie. 1985. A study of the characteristics of hʌta-suffixed adjectives in Middle Korean. Nonmwuncip 2; 221–48.Google Scholar
Lee, Hyo Sang. 1991. Tense, aspect, and modality: A discourse-pragmatic analysis of verbal affixes in Korean from a typological perspective. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Lee, Hyo Sang, and Park, Yong-Yae. 1999. Grammaticalization of the Korean connective nunte/(u)nte: A case of grammaticalization of figure-ground relation. Paper presented at New Reflections on Grammaticalization I Conference, Potsdam, Germany, June 16-19, 1999.Google Scholar
Lee, Hyun Sook. 2013. Displacement verbs and speaker-stance indication. Studies in Modern Grammar 71: 75–94.Google Scholar
Lee, Keum-Hee. 2006. The study of the grammaticalized endings on quotation constructions: On the grammaticalization process and degree. Journal of Korean Linguistics 48: 233–58 (English abstract pp. 402–3).Google Scholar
Lee, Ki-Baek. 1958. Cwukyekcosa i-ey tayhan yenkwu [A study on the nominative -i]. Language and Literature 2: 94–124.Google Scholar
Lee, Ki-Gap 1981. 15-seyki kwukeuy sangthaycisoksangkwa ku pyenchen [The resultative aspect marker in the 15th century Korean and its change]. Han-geul 173/174: 401–2.Google Scholar
Lee, Phil-Young. 1995. On the contraction of syntactic construction. Journal of Korean Linguistics 26: 1–32.Google Scholar
Lee, Seung-wook. 2001. The stage of grammaticalization and the formation of morphemes. Journal of Korean Linguistics 37: 263–83.Google Scholar
Lee, Sung Nyong. 1958 Cwukyek ka-uy paltalkwa ku haysek [The development of the nominative marker -ka and its interpretation]. The Journal of Korean Language and Literature 19: 53–7.Google Scholar
Lee, Sung Nyong. 1976. On the development of the doublet is-ta / si-ta in the 15th Century Korean. Journal of Korean Linguistics 4: 1–23.Google Scholar
Lee, Sung Nyong. 1983. Cwungseykwukemwunpep [Middle Korean grammar] (revised edition). Seoul: Eulyoo Mwunhwasa.Google Scholar
Lee, Taeyeong. 1987. A study on the grammaticalization of Korean. Ph.D. dissertation, Chonbuk National University.Google Scholar
Lehmann, Christian. 1995 [1982]. Thoughts on Grammaticalization. Newcastle: Lincom.Google Scholar
Martin, Samuel E. 1992. A Reference Grammar of Korean. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing.Google Scholar
Na, Jin-Seok. 1953. Milaysisangpokan li-wa keyss-uy kyochey [The changes of future tense/aspect auxiliary stems li and keyss]. The Korean Language and Literature 6: 90–2.Google Scholar
Nam, Kwang-Woo. 1957. Cwukyekcosa ka-ey tayhaye: Cwusekuy ipcangeyse [On the nominative case marker -ka: Evidence from commentaries]. Mwunkyeng 4: 11–17.Google Scholar
Nam, Pung-hyun. 2012. Old Korean. In Tranter, Nicholas, ed., The Languages of Japan and Korea. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 41–72.Google Scholar
Narrog, Heiko, and Rhee, Seongha. 2013. Grammaticalization of space in Korean and Japanese. In Robbeets, Martine and Cuyckens, Hubert, eds., Shared Grammaticalization. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 287–315.Google Scholar
Narrog, Heiko, Rhee, Seongha, and Whitman, John. 2018. Grammaticalization in Japanese and Korean. In Narrog, Heiko and Heine, Bernd, eds., Grammaticalization from a Typological Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 166–88.Google Scholar
Oh, Sang-suk. 1998. A syntactic and semantic study of Korean auxiliaries: A grammaticalization perspective. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Hawaii, Honolulu. Seoul: Hankook Publisher.Google Scholar
Ohori, Toshio. 1995. Remarks on suspended clauses: A contribution to Japanese phraseology. In Shibatani, Masayoshi and Thompson, Sandra A., eds., Essays in Semantics and Pragmatics in Honor of Charles J. Fillmore. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 201–18.Google Scholar
Park, Jin-ho. 2015. A historical study of delimiters. Journal of Korean Linguistics 73: 375–435.Google Scholar
Park, Mee-Jeong, and Sohn, Sung-Ock S. 2002. Discourse, grammaticalization and intonation: An analysis of ketun in Korean. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 10: 306–19.Google Scholar
Ramstedt, Gustaf John. 1949. Studies in Korean Etymology [Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 95]. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.Google Scholar
Ramstedt, Gustaf John. 1954. Additional Korean Etymologies [Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seuran Aikakauskirja]. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.Google Scholar
Ramstedt, Gustaf John. 1968 [1939]. A Korean Grammar [Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 82]. Oosterhout: Anthropological Publications.Google Scholar
Ramstedt, Gustaf John. 1982. Paralipomena of Korean Etymologies [Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 182]. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.Google Scholar
Ramstedt, Gustaf John. 1997 [1939]. A Korean Grammar [Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 82]. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.Google Scholar
Rhee, Seongha. 1996. Semantics of verbs and grammaticalization: The development in Korean from a cross-linguistic perspective. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin. Seoul: Hankook Publisher.Google Scholar
Rhee, Seongha. 2002. From silence to grammar: Grammaticalization of ellipsis in Korean. Paper presented at the New Reflections on Grammaticalization II Conference, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, April 3–6, 2002.Google Scholar
Rhee, Seongha. 2006. Stratified complex postpositional system in Korean: A contact linguistics perspective. Discourse and Cognition 13(2): 159–85.Google Scholar
Rhee, Seongha. 2008. Subjectification of reported speech in grammaticalization and lexicalization. Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics 12: 590–603.Google Scholar
Rhee, Seongha. 2011. Grammaticalization in Korean. In Narrog, Heiko and Heine, Bernd, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 764–74.Google Scholar
Rhee, Seongha. 2012. Context-induced reinterpretation and (inter)subjectification: The case of grammaticalization of sentence-final particles. Language Sciences 34(3): 284–300.Google Scholar
Rhee, Seongha. 2014. Analogy-driven grammaticalization: A case of grammaticalization of sentence-final markers from concomitance-connectives. Linguistic Research 31(3): 591–614. doi: 10.17250/khisli.31.3.201412.008Google Scholar
Rhee, Seongha. 2016a. Mwunpephwauy Ihay [Understanding grammaticalization] (Revised edition). Seoul: Hankook Publisher.Google Scholar
Rhee, Seongha. 2016b. Primary grammaticalizations in Korean. Paper presented at the Workshop for World Lexicon of Grammaticalization and Workshop for Grammaticalization Lexicon of Chinese Languages, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China, November 11–13, 2016.Google Scholar
Rhee, Seongha, and Koo, Hyun Jung. 2014. Grammaticalization of causatives and passives and their recent development into stance markers in Korean. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 50(3): 309–37.Google Scholar
Ryu, Chang-Don. 1962. Hesahwa kokwu [From content word to function word]. Inmwunkwahak 7: 1–23 (English abstract, p. 445).Google Scholar
Ryu, Chang-Don. 1979 [1964]. Icokwukesa yenkwu [A historical study of Korean in the Joseon Dynasty times]. Seoul: Iwoo Publishing (revised edition by Samwoo Publishing).Google Scholar
Schmid, Hans-Jörg. 2000. English Abstract Nouns as Conceptual Shells. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sohn, Ho-min. 2001 [1999]. The Korean Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sohn, Hye-ok. 2012. The synchronic analysis on grammaticization of gajida constructions. Korean Linguistics 55: 207–38.Google Scholar
Sohn, Sung-Ock S. 1995. On the development of sentence-final particles in Korean. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 5: 219–34.Google Scholar
Sohn, Sung-Ock S. 1998. From quotation to sentence-final particle: The analysis of -ko in Modern Korean. In Ross, King, ed., Description and Explanation in Korean Linguistics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, pp. 351–67.Google Scholar
Sohn, Sung-Ock S. 2003. On the emergence of intersubjectivity: An analysis of the sentence-final nikka in Korean. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 12: 52–63.Google Scholar
Sohn, Sung-Ock S. 2011. Historical development of quotative constructions in Korean. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 18: 126–43.Google Scholar
Sohn, Sung-Ock S. 2015. Grammaticalization. In Brown, Lucien and Yeon, Jae Hoon, eds., The Handbook of Korean Linguistics. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 320–36.Google Scholar
Sohn, Sung-Ock, and Park, Mee-Jeong. 2002. Discourse, grammaticalization, and intonation: An analysis of ketun in Korean. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 10: 306–19.Google Scholar
Son, Se-mo-dol. 1996. Kwuke Pocoyongen Yenkwu [A study of Korean auxiliary verbs]. Seoul: Hankook Publisher.Google Scholar
Song, Kyung-An. 2002. Korean reflexives and grammaticalization: A speaker-hearer dynamic approach. Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung 55(4): 340–53.Google Scholar
Strauss, Susan. 1998. “It just happened that way”: The grammaticalization of accidentality in -a/e pelita and -ko malta as markers of completive aspect and affective stance. Selected Papers from the 11th International Conference on Korean Linguistics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, July 6–9, 1998. Seoul: Hankook Publisher.Google Scholar
Traugott, Elizabeth C. 1988. Pragmatic strengthening and grammaticalization. Berkeley Linguistics Society 14: 406–16.Google Scholar
Traugott, Elizabeth C. 2002. From etymology to historical pragmatics. In Minkova, Donka and Stockwell, Robert, eds., Studying the History of the English Language: Millenial Perspectives. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 19–49.Google Scholar
Traugott, Elizabeth C., and Dasher, Richard B.. 2002. Regularity in Semantic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Traugott, Elizabeth C., and König, Ekkehard. 1991. The semantics-pragmatics of grammaticalization revisited. In Traugott, Elizabeth C. and Heine, Bern, eds., Approaches to Grammaticalization, 2 vols. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, vol. 1, pp. 189–218.Google Scholar
Tsunoda, Tasaku, ed. 2013. Adnominal Clauses and the “Mermaid Construction”: Grammaticalization of Nouns. Tachikawa: National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics.Google Scholar
Whitman, John. 2015. Old Korean. In Brown, Lucien and Yeon, Jae Hoon, eds., The Handbook of Korean Linguistics. London: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 422–38.Google Scholar
Yae, Sunhee. 2009. The grammaticalization approach to Korean verbs ancta and seta. Discourse and Cognition 16(3): 111–27.Google Scholar
Yae, Sunhee. 2012. The functional evolution of -ppwun- in Korean: A grammaticalization perspective. Korean Journal of Linguistics 37(3): 623–38.Google Scholar
Yang, In-Seok. 2000. The emerging particle poko in Korean: A grammaticalization. In De Guzman, Videa P. and Bender, Byron, eds., Grammatical Analysis: Morphology, Syntax, and Semantics: Studies in Honor of Stanley Starosta. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication, no. 29. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 62–78.Google Scholar
Zheng, Dian, and Ma, Meiqiaoi. 1964. Guhanyuyufaxueziliaohuibian. Beijing: Zhonghuashuju.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×