Phonetics and Phonology

Part II - Phonetics and Phonology

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 September 2022

Edited by

Sungdai Cho and

John Whitman

Show author details

Sungdai Cho: Affiliation:
Binghamton University, State University of New York
John Whitman: Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York

Book contents

Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Type: Chapter
Information: The Cambridge Handbook of Korean Linguistics , pp. 175 - 336

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108292351 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Archangeli, Diana B., and Pulleyblank, Douglas George. 1994. Grounded Phonology. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar

Archangeli, Diana B., and Pulleyblank, Douglas George. 2007. Harmony. In De Lacy, Paul V., ed., The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 353–78.Google Scholar

Cho, Mi-Hui. 1994. Vowel harmony in Korean: a grounded phonology approach. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Ph.D. dissertation.Google Scholar

Cho, Mi-Hui, and Lee, Shinsook. 1997. Korean ideophone harmony in Optimal Domains Theory. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 3: 279–94.Google Scholar

Chung, Chin-Wan. 2000. An optimality-theoretic account of vowel harmony in Korean ideophones. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 6(2): 431–50.Google Scholar

Činggeltei, . 1959. Mongɣol kelen-ü baɣarin ayalɣun-u abiy-a-yin jüi ba üges-ün jüi [Phonology and morphology of the Baarin dialect of Mongolian]. Öbör Mongɣol-un Yeke Surɣaɣuli-yin Erdem Sinjilegen-ü Sedgül: Gün Uqaɣan Neyigem Sinjilekü Uqaɣan [Journal of Inner Mongolia University: Philosophy and Social Sciences] 1959(2): 1–96.Google Scholar

Činggeltei, . 1963. Mongɣol kelen-ü abiyan-u sistem [The Mongolian sound system]. Öbör Mongɣol-un Yeke Surɣaɣuli-yin Erdem Sinjilegen-ü Sedgül: Gün Uqaɣan Neyigem Sinjilekü Uqaɣan [Journal of Inner Mongolia University: Philosophy and Social Sciences] 1963(2): 1–84.Google Scholar

Clements, G. N., and Sezer, Engin. 1982. Vowel and consonant disharmony in Turkish. In van der Hulst, Harry G. and Smith, Norval, eds., The Structure of Phonological Representations (Part II). Dordrecht: Foris Publications, pp. 213–55.Google Scholar

Doak, Ivy G. 1992. Another look at Coeur d’Alene harmony. International Journal of American Linguistics 58(1): 1–35.Google Scholar

Dresher, Bezalel Elan. 2009. The Contrastive Hierarchy in Phonology (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 121). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Dresher, Bezalel Elan, and Zhang, Xi. 2005. Contrast and phonological activity in Manchu vowel systems. The Canadian Journal of Linguistics / La revue canadienne de linguistique 50(1/2/3/4): 45–82.Google Scholar

Hall, Beatrice L., and Hall, R. M. R.. 1980. Nez Perce vowel harmony: An Africanist explanation and some theoretical questions. In Vago, Robert Michael, ed., Issues in Vowel Harmony: Proceedings of the CUNY Linguistics Conference on Vowel Harmony, 14th May 1977 (Studies in Language Companion Series (SLCS) 6). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar

Han, Eunjoo. 2009. Vowel harmony in hiatus contexts in Korean verbal morphology. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 15(2): 341–60.Google Scholar

Hattori, Shirō. 1975. Boin chōwa to chūki chōsengo no boin taikei [Vowel harmony and the Middle Korean vowel system]. Gengo no Kagaku 6: 1–22.Google Scholar

Hayata, Teruhiro. 1975. A note on vowel harmony in Middle Korean. Gengo Kenkyū [Journal of the Linguistic Society of Japan] 68: 104–18.Google Scholar

Hong, Sung-Hoon. 2008. Variation and exceptions in the vowel harmony of Korean suffixes. The Journal of Sudies in Language 24(2): 405–28.Google Scholar

Huh, Woong. 1965. Kaykosinphan kwuke umwunhak [(Revised) Korean Phonology]. Seoul: Cengumsa.Google Scholar

Huh, Woong. 1985. Kwuke umwunhak: wulimal soliuy onul, ecey [Korean Phonology: The Present and Past of the Speech Sounds]. Seoul: Saym Mwunhwasa.Google Scholar

Hyun, Woo-Jong. 1992. Ceycwu pangen holsoliuy silhem umsenghakcek yenkwu [An experimental phonetic study of the vowels of Cheju dialect]. Seoul: Konkuk University Ph.D. dissertation.Google Scholar

Janhunen, Juha. 1981. Korean vowel system in North Asian perspective. Hangeul 172: 129–46.Google Scholar

Johnson, Robert. 1975. The role of phonetic detail in Coeur d’Alene phonology. Pullman, WA: Washington State University Ph.D. dissertation.Google Scholar

Jun, Jongho. 2018. Morpho-phonological processes in Korean. In Aronoff, Mark, ed., Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Kang, Hijo. 2012. Diachrony in synchrony: Korean vowel harmony in verbal conjugation. Stony Brook, NY: Stony Brook University Ph.D. dissertation.Google Scholar

Kang, Sinhang. 1980. Kyeylim yusa Kolye pangen yenkwu [A study of Koryeo dialect in the Jīlín lèishì]. Seoul: Sungkyunkwan University Press.Google Scholar

Kang, Yoonjung, and Ryu, Na-Young. 2015. Variation in Korean vowel harmony and the emergent locality effect. Presented at the joint meeting of the ICKL (International Circle of Korean Linguistics) and the Harvard-ISOKL (International Symposium on Korean Linguistics), University of Chicago, USA.Google Scholar

Kaun, Abigail Rhoades. 1995. The typology of rounding harmony: an Optimality Theoretic approach. Los Angeles: UCLA Ph.D. dissertation.Google Scholar

Kaun, Abigail Rhoades. 2004. The Typology of Rounding Harmony. Phonetically Based Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 87–116.CrossRef Google Scholar

Kenstowicz, Michael J. 1979. Chukchee vowel harmony and epenthesis. In Clyne, Paul R., Hanks, William F., and Hofbauer, Carol, eds., The Elements: A Parasession on Linguistic Units and Levels (Including Papers from the Conference on Non-Slavic Languages of the USSR). Chicago, IL: Chicago Linguistic Society, University of Chicago, pp. 402–12.Google Scholar

Kim, Cha-Gyun. 1984. 15 seyki kwukeuy tanmoum cheykyey [Monophthong system of the 15th century Korean]. Saykyel pakthaykwen sensayng hwakapkinyemnonchong. Busan: Ceyil Mwunhwasa.Google Scholar

Kim, Cha-Gyun. 1985. Hwunmincengum haylyeyuy moumcheykyey [Vowel system of Hunminjeongeum Haerye]. Senotang kimhyengki sensayng phalcilkinyem kwukehak nonchong. Seoul: Changhaksa.Google Scholar

Kim, Cha-Gyun. 1995. Hye okulimkwa wulimal holsoli ewullimuy eceywa onul [Tongue contraction and the past and present of vowel harmony in Korean]. Hangeul 229: 21–79.Google Scholar

Kim, Chin-Wu. 1973. Adjustment rules in phonology. In Kenstowicz, Michael J. and Kisseberth, Charles W., eds., Issues in Phonological Theory. The Hague and Paris: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 130–44.Google Scholar

Kim, Jong Shil. 2007. Vowel harmony in Korean verbs. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 13(3): 433–51.Google Scholar

Kim, Jong-Kyoo. 2000. Quantity-sensitivity and feature-sensitivity of vowels: a constraint-based approach to Korean vowel phonology. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Ph.D. dissertation.Google Scholar

Kim, Juwon. 1988. Moumcohwawa selchwuk: Hwunminjengum haylyeyuy selchwukey tayhaye [Vowel harmony and “selchwuk”: On the tongue retraction in Hunminjeongeum]. Eoneohag [Journal of the Linguistic Society of Korea] 9/10: 29–48.Google Scholar

Kim, Juwon. 1993. Moumcohwauy yenkwu [A Study on Vowel Harmony in Korean]. Kyeungsan [Gyeongsan]. Seoul: Yeungnam University Press.Google Scholar

Kim, Juwon. 1999. Selkunhwuchwukkwa selkuncencin [RTR and ATR]. Eneuy yeksa [History of Languages: In Honor of Professor Baeg-in Seong]. Seoul: Thaehaksa, pp. 311–41.Google Scholar

Kim, Pang-Han. 1964. Kwukemoumcheykyeyuy pyentongey kwanhan kochal [On the reconstruction of the vocalic system of Middle Korean]. Tong-A Mwunhwa 2: 29–80.Google Scholar

Kim, Wan-Jin. 1963. kwuke moumcheykyeyuy sinkochal [An investigation of Korean vowel system]. Cintanhakpo 24: 63–99.Google Scholar

Kim, Wan-Jin. 1971. umwun hyensangkwa hyengthayloncek ceyyak [Phonological phenomena and morphological restrictions]. Journal of the National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Korea (Humanties and Social Sciences) 10: 116–42.Google Scholar

Kim, Wan-Jin. 1978. moumcheykyeywa moumcohwaey tayhan panseng [Reflections on the vowel system and vowel harmony of Korean]. Language Research 14(2): 127–39.Google Scholar

Kim, Wan-Jin. 1996. kotaykwukeuy moumcohwaey tayhan ilkochal [A study on vowel harmony in Old Korean]. umwunkwa mwunca [Phonemes and Graphemes]. Seoul: Shin-gu Publishing, pp. 99–107.Google Scholar

Kim, Young Song. 1977. Hwunmincengumuy “selchwuk” cacil [The feature “tongue contraction” in Hunminjeongeum]. Eoneohag [Journal of the Linguistic Society of Korea] 2: 157–66.Google Scholar

Kim, Young-Jin. 1990. moeum cheykyey [Vowel system]. In Kwuke Yenkwuhoy of Seoul National University, ed., kwuke yenkwu etikkaci wassna [The current status of the study of the Korean language]. Seoul: Tong-A Chwulphansa, pp. 55–67.Google Scholar

Kim, Young-Seok. 1984. Aspects of Korean morphology. Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin Ph.D. dissertation.Google Scholar

Kim, Young-Seok. 1988. Ideophones in Korean: A nonlinear analysis. In The Linguistic Society of Korea, ed., Linguistics in the Morning Calm 2: Selected Papers from SICOL-1986. Seoul: Hanshin Publishing Company, pp. 443–66.Google Scholar

Kim-Renaud, Young-Key. 1976. Semantic features in phonology: evidence from vowel harmony in Korean. Chicago Linguistic Society 12: 397–412.Google Scholar

Ko, Seongyeon. 2010. Cwungseykwuke moumcheykyeyui taylip wikyeywa ku pyenhwa [Contrastive hierarchy and its change in the Middle Korean vowel system]. Eoneohag [Journal of the Linguistic Society of Korea] 56: 87–118.Google Scholar

Ko, Seongyeon. 2013. The end of the Korean vowel shift controversy. Korean Linguistics 15(2): 199–221.Google Scholar

Ko, Seongyeon. 2018. Tongue Root Harmony and Vowel Contrast in Northeast Asian Languages (Turcologica 112). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.Google Scholar

Ko, Seongyeon. 2020. Hankwuke moumchwuiseley tayhan piphancek conghapcek kochal [A critical and comprehensive review of the Korean Vowel Shift hypothesis]. Hangeul 329: 617–54.Google Scholar

Ko, Seongyeon, Joseph, Andrew, and Whitman, John. 2014. Comparative consequences for a tongue root harmony analysis for proto-Tungusic, proto-Mongolic, and proto-Korean. In Bisang, Walter and Robbeets, Martine Irma, eds., Paradigm Change: In the Transeurasian Languages and Beyond (Studies in Language Companion Series (SLCS)). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 141–76.Google Scholar

Ladefoged, Peter. 1964. A Phonetic Study of West African Languages: An Auditory-Instrumental Survey (West African Language Monographs 1). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Larsen, Darrell, and Heinz, Jeffrey. 2012. Neutral vowels in sound-symbolic vowel harmony in Korean. Phonology 29: 433–64.CrossRef Google Scholar

Lee, Byung-Gun. 1985. Moum cohwauy thukseng [Some tangible properties of vowel harmony]. Inmwunnonchong [Seoul National University Journal of Humanities] 15: 3–36.Google Scholar

Lee, Duck-Young. 1994. Korean vowel harmony: ATR-harmony. Hangeul 223: 157–99.Google Scholar

Lee, Hyunbok. 1989. hankwukeuy phyocwunpalum [The standard pronunciation of Korean]. Seoul: Kyoyuk kwahaksa.Google Scholar

Lee, Jin-Seong. 1992. Phonology and sound symbolism of Korean ideophones. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Ph.D. dissertation.Google Scholar

Lee, Ki-Moon. 1964. Mongolian loan-words in Middle Korean. Ural-altaische Jahrbücher 35: 188–97.Google Scholar

Lee, Ki-Moon. 1972a. Kwukesa kaysel [Outline of the History of the Korean Language], 2nd edition. Seoul: Tower Press.Google Scholar

Lee, Ki-Moon. 1972b. Kwuke umwunsa yenkwu [A Study of the Phonological History of Korean]. Seoul: Hankwuk Mwunhwa Yenkwuso.Google Scholar

Lee, Ki-Moon. 1978. 16seyki kwukeuy yenkwu [A study of 16th century Korean]. Seoul: Tower Press.Google Scholar

Lee, Ki-Moon, and Ramsey, S. Robert. 2011. A History of the Korean Language. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Lee, Pyong-Geun. 1970. Kyengkiciyekeuy moumcheykyeywa piwenswunmoumhwa [The vowel system of Kyeongki regional dialect and delabialization]. Tong-A Mwunhwa 9: 151–67.Google Scholar

Lee, Sung-Nyong. 1940. ‘·’-umko [On the sound of ‘·’ in the Korean alphabet]. Cintanhakpo 12: 1–106.Google Scholar

Lee, Sung-Nyong. 1949. Study of vowel harmony in the Korean language. Cintanhakpo 16: 7–115.Google Scholar

Lee, Yongsung. 1993. Topics in the vowel phonology of Korean. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Ph.D. dissertation.Google Scholar

Li, Bing. 1996. Tungusic Vowel Harmony: Description and Analysis (HIL Dissertations 18). Dordrecht: Holland Institute of Generative Linguistics.Google Scholar

Martin, Samuel Elmo. 2000. How have Korean vowels changed through time? In Ree, Joe J., ed., Korean Linguistics [Journal of the International Circle of Korean Linguistics] 10: 1–60.Google Scholar

McCarthy, John J. 1983. Phonological Features and Morphological Structure. The Interplay of Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax. Chicago, IL: Chicago Linguistic Society, University of Chicago.Google Scholar

Miller, Roy Andrew. 1971. Japanese and the Other Altaic Languages (History and Structure of Languages). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Moon, Yang-Soo. 1974. A phonological history of Korean. Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin Ph.D. dissertation.Google Scholar

Nam, Phunghyun. 1993. cwungseykwukeuy uysenguythaye [Onomatopoeic and mimetic words in Middle Korean]. Saykwukesaynghwal 3(2); 93–115.Google Scholar

Nevins, Andrew. 2010. Locality in Vowel Harmony (Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 55). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar

Novikova, Klavdija A. 1960. Ocherki dialektov Evenskogo jazyka: ol’skij govor, volume 1. Leningrad: Nauka.Google Scholar

Oh, Kwang-Keun. 1993. 15seki cengum mwunhene nathananun moum iphoki yenkwu [A study of misspellings in the 15th century “cengum” texts]. Sengkyunemwunyenkwu 29: 185–201.Google Scholar

Oh, Sang-Suk. 1998. The Korean Vowel Shift revisited. Language Research 34(2): 445–63.Google Scholar

Park, Jong-Hee. 1983. Kwuke umwunlon yenkwu [A Study on Korean Phonology]. Iri: Wonkwang University Press.Google Scholar

Park, Jong-Hee. 1994. Cwunglipmoum /i/-uy poncilkwa moumcohwa [The nature of the neutral vowel /i/ and vowel harmony]. In nonchongkanhayngwiwenhoy (ed.), Wulimal yenkwuuy saymthe. Daejeon: Mwunkyeng Press, pp. 134–53.Google Scholar

Park, Jong-Hee. 2002. Cwungsengmoum /i/-uy thwumyengsengkwa pwulthwumyengseng [The transparency and opacity of the neutral vowel /i/ in Middle Korean]. Hangeul 257: 71–101.Google Scholar

Park, Jong-Hee, and Kwon, Pyong-Ro. 2009. Moumcheykyeyuy pyenchenkwa cacilkyelhap coken [The change of vowel system and featural combination conditions in Middle Korean]. Kwukemwunhak 47: 37–61.Google Scholar

Poppe, Nicholas N. 1960. Vergleichende Grammatik der altaischen Sprachen. Teil I. Vergleichende Lautlehre [Comparative Grammar of the Altaic languages, Part 1: Comparative Phonology]. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.Google Scholar

Ramstedt, Gustaf John. 1952. Einführung in die altaische Sprachwissenschaft I-III. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.Google Scholar

Robbeets, Martine Irma. 2005. Is Japanese Related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic? Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.Google Scholar

Rose, Sharon, and Walker, Rachel. 2011. Harmony systems. In Goldsmith, John, Riggle, Jason, and Yu, Alan C. L., eds., The Handbook of Phonological Theory, 2nd edition. Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 240–90.Google Scholar

Sasa, Tomomasa. 2009. Treatment of vowel harmony in optimality theory. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Iowa.Google Scholar

Sohn, Ho-min. 1999. The Korean Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Sohn, Hyang-Sook. 1987. Underspecification in Korean phonology. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar

Starostin, Sergei Anatolyevich. 1991. Altajskaja problema i proisxoždenie japonskogo jazyka. Moskva: Nauka.Google Scholar

Stewart, John M. 1967. Tongue root position in Akan vowel harmony. Phonetica 16: 185–204.Google Scholar

Svantesson, Jan-Olof. 1985. Vowel harmony shift in Mongolian. Lingua 67(4): 283–327. doi:10.1016/0024-3841(85)90002-6.CrossRef Google Scholar

Svantesson, Jan-Olof, Tsendina, Anna, Karlsson, Anastasia Mukhanova, and Vivan, Franzén. 2005. The Phonology of Mongolian. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

van der Hulst, Harry. 2018. Asymmetries in Vowel Harmony: A Representational Account. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

van der Hulst, Harry, and Jeroen, van de Weijer. 1995. Vowel harmony. In Goldsmith, John A., ed., The Handbook of Phonological Theory, 1st edition. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 495–534.Google Scholar

Vaux, Bert. 2009. [atr] and [back] harmony in the Altaic languages. In Tatevosov, Sergei, ed., Investigations into Formal Altaic Linguistics: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Altaic Formal Linguistics (WAFL 3). Moscow: MAKS Press, pp. 50–67.Google Scholar

Vovin, Alexander. 2000. On the Great Vowel Shift in Middle Korean and position of stress in Proto-Korean. In Ree, Joe J., ed., Korean Linguistics [Journal of the International Circle of Korean Linguistics] 10: 61–78.Google Scholar

Walker, Rachel. 2012. Vowel harmony in Optimality Theory. Language and Linguistics Compass 6(9): 575–92.Google Scholar

Whitman, John. 2015. Old Korean. In Brown, Lucien and Yeon, Jaehoon, eds., The Handbook of Korean Linguistics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 419–38.Google Scholar

Zhang, Xi. 1996. Vowel systems of the Manchu-Tungus languages of China. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Ph.D. dissertation.Google Scholar

References

Abramson, Arthur S., and Whalen, Douglas H.. 2017. Voice Onset Time (VOT) at 50: Theoretical and practical issues in measuring voicing distinctions. Journal of Phonetics 63: 75–86.Google Scholar

Ahn, Hyunkee. 1999. Post-release phonatory processes in English and Korean: acoustic correlates and implications for Korean phonology. Ph.D Dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar

Ahn, Sang-cheol, and Iverson, Gregory K.. 2004. Dimensions in Korean laryngeal phonology. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 13: 345–79.Google Scholar

Avery, Peter, and Idsardi, William J.. 2001. Laryngeal dimensions, completion and enhancement. In Hall, T. A., ed., Distinctive Feature Theory. Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 41–70.Google Scholar

Bang, Hye-Young, Sonderegger, Morgan, Kang, Yoonjung, Clayards, Meghan, and Yoon, Tae-Jin. 2018. The emergence, progress, and impact of sound change in progress in Seoul Korean: Implications for mechanisms of tonogenesis. Journal of Phonetics 66: 120–44.Google Scholar

Bates, Douglas, Maechler, Martin, Bolker, Ben, and Walker, Steven C.. 2015. lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using “Eigen” and S4. Available at: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/index.html [last accessed August 20, 2020].Google Scholar

Beckman, Mary E., Li, Fangfang, Kong, Eun Jong, and Edwards, Jan. 2014. Aligning the timelines of phonological acquisition and change. Laboratory Phonology 5: 151–94.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Boersma, Paul, and Weenink, David. 2014. Praat: doing phonetics by computer. Available at: http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/ [last accessed August 20, 2020].Google Scholar

Byun, Hi Gyung. 2016. F0 as a primary cue for signaling word-initial stops of Seoul Korean. Phonetics and Speech Sciences 8: 25–36.Google Scholar

Cho, Taehong, Jun, Sun-Ah, and Ladefoged, Peter. 2002. Acoustic and aerodynamic correlates of Korean stops and fricatives. Journal of Phonetics 30: 193–228.CrossRef Google Scholar

Cho, Taehong, and Keating, Patricia A.. 2001. Articulatory and acoustic studies on domain-initial strengthening in Korean. Journal of Phonetics 29: 155–90.Google Scholar

Cho, Young-Mee Yu. 2011. Laryngeal contrast in Korean. In van Oostendorp, M., Ewen, C. J., Hume, E. V., and Rice, K., eds., The Blackwell Companion to Phonology. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 2662–84.Google Scholar

Cho, Young-Mee Yu, and Inkelas, Sharon. 1994. Post-obstruent tensification in Korean and geminate inalterability. In Kim-Renaud, Y-K., ed.,Theoretical Issues in Korean Linguistics. Stanford: CSLI, pp. 45–60.Google Scholar

Choi, Hansook. 2002. Acoustic cues for the Korean stop contrast: dialectal variation. ZAS Papers in Linguistics 28: 1–12.Google Scholar

Chung, Eun-Hye. 2011. An experimental study of vowels and consonants of Standard Yukjin dialect [Hyentay Yukcin Pangen Camoumey Kwanhan Silhemumsenghakcek Yen-gu]. MA Dissertation, Seoul National University.Google Scholar

Dart, Sarah N. 1987. An aerodynamic study of Korean stop consonants: Measurements and modeling. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81: 138–47.Google Scholar

De Rosario-Martinez, Helios. 2015. phia package, version 0.2–1. Available at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/phia/ [last accessed August 20, 2020].Google Scholar

Halle, Morris, and Stevens, Kenneth N.. 1971. A note on laryngeal features, QPR Research Laboratory of Electronics. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT 101: 198–213.Google Scholar

Han, Jeong-Im. 1996. The phonetics and phonology of “tense” and “plain” consonants in Korean. PhD Dissertation, Cornell University.Google Scholar

Han, Kyungim. 2011. Acoustic cues for the Korean stop consonants produced by Jeju speakers. The Journal of Linguistic Science 57: 247–60.Google Scholar

Han, Kyungim. 2014. VOT in Korean stops: A comparison between Jeju and Daegu Dialects [Hankwuke Phyeyswayum VOT: Ceycwupangenkwa Taykwupangen Pikyo]. Cogito 75: 157–76.Google Scholar

Han, M-S., and Weitzman, R. S.. 1970. Acoustic features of Korean /P, T, K/, /p, t, k/, and /pʰ, tʰ, kʰ/. Phonetica 22: 112–28.Google Scholar

Hardcastle, William J. 1973. Some observations on the tense-lax distinction in initial stops in Korean. Journal of Phonetics 1(3): 263–72.Google Scholar

Hirose, H., Lee, C. Y., and Ushijima, T.. 1974. Laryngeal control in Korean stop production. Journal of Phonetics 2; 145–52.Google Scholar

Holliday, Jeffrey J., and Kong, Eun Jong. 2011. Dialectal variation in the acoustic correlates of Korean stops. Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences 17: 878–81.Google Scholar

Hombert, Jean-Marie, Ohala, John J., and Ewan, William G.. 1979. Phonetic explanations for the development of tones. Language 55: 37–58.CrossRef Google Scholar

Ito, Chiyuki, and Kenstowicz, Michael. 2009. Mandarin loanwords in Yanbian Korean I: Laryngeal features. Phonological Studies 12: 61–72.Google Scholar

Iverson, Gregory K. 1983. On glottal width features. Lingua 60: 331–9.CrossRef Google Scholar

Jang, Hye Jin, and Shin, Ji-Young. 2010. Dialectual differences in the perception of phonation types in word-initial stops: Based on comparison between Seoul and Daegu Dialect [Etwu Phyeyswayumuy Palseng Yuhyeng Cikakeyse Nathananun Pangen Kan Chai – Sewul Pangenkwa Tay-gu Pangenuy Pikyolul Pathangu-ro]. Korean Linguistics 49: 369–88.Google Scholar

Jin, Wenhua. 2008. Sounds of Chinese Korean: a Variationist approach. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas at Arlington.Google Scholar

Jin, Wenhua, and Silva, David J.. 2017. Parallel Voice Onset Time shift in Chinese Korean. Asia-Pacific Language Variation 3: 41–66.Google Scholar

Jo, Min-Ha. 2004. An acoustic-phonetic study of plosives in Seoul and Taegu dialects [Sewulkwa Tay-gu Pangen Phayelumuy Umhyangumsenghakcek Yen-gu]. MA Dissertation, Korea University.Google Scholar

Jo, Min-Ha, and Shin, Ji-Young. 2003. VOT comparison between Seoul and Kyungsang dialects [Kyengsang Pangenkwa Sewul Pangenuy VOT Cisoksikaney Tayhan Pikyo Yen-gu]. Malsori 46: 1–11.Google Scholar

Jun, Sun-Ah. 1993. The phonetics and phonology of Korean prosody. Ph.D. dissertation, The Ohio State University.Google Scholar

Jun, Sun-Ah. 1995. Asymmetrical prosodic effects on the laryngeal gesture in Korean. In Connell, B. and Arvaniti, A., eds., Phonology and Phonetic Evidence: Papers in Laboratory Phonology IV. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 235–53.Google Scholar

Jun, Sun-Ah. 1996. Influence of microprosody on macroprosody: a case of phrase initial strengthening. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 92: 359–84.Google Scholar

Jun, Sun-Ah, Beckman, Mary, Niimi, Seiji, and Tiede, Mark. 1997. Electromyographic evidence for a gestural-overlap analysis of vowel devoicing in Korean. The Journal of Speech Sciences 1: 153–200.Google Scholar

Kagaya, Ryohei. 1974. A fiberscopic and acoustic study of the Korean stops, affricates and fricatives. Journal of Phonetics 2: 161–80.Google Scholar

Kang, Kyoung-Ho, and Guion, Susan G.. 2006. Phonological systems in bilinguals: Age of learning effects on the stop consonant systems of Korean-English bilinguals. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119: 1672–83.Google Scholar

Kang, Kyoung-Ho, and Guion, Susan G.. 2008. Clear speech production of Korean stops: Changing phonetic targets and enhancement strategies. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 124: 3909–17.Google Scholar

Kang, Yoonjung. 2014. Voice Onset Time merger and development of tonal contrast in Seoul Korean stops: A corpus study. Journal of Phonetics 45: 76–90.Google Scholar

Kang, Yoonjung, and Han, Sung-Woo. 2012. Dialectal variation in Korean stops. Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Meeting of the Society of Korean Linguistics and the Society of Korean Dialectology.Google Scholar

Kang, Yoonjung, and Han, Sungwoo. 2013. Tonogenesis in early Contemporary Seoul Korean: A longitudinal case study. Lingua 134: 62–74.Google Scholar

Kang, Yoonjung, Han, Sungwoo, Kochetov, Alexei, and Kong, Eun Jong. 2012. Cross-language perception under sound change in progress: loanword connection. Paper presented at The 86th Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America. Portland, Oregon.Google Scholar

Kang, Yoonjung, and Nagy, Naomi. 2016. VOT merger in Heritage Korean in Toronto. Language Variation and Change 28: 249–72.Google Scholar

Kang, Yoonjung, and Yun, Suyeon. 2018. Acquisition of second dialect features by North Koreans in Seoul. Paper presented at LabPhon16. University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.Google Scholar

Kenstowicz, Michael, and Park, Chiyoun. 2006. Laryngeal features and tone in Kyungsang Korean: A phonetics study. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology 12: 247–64.Google Scholar

Keshet, Joseph, Sonderegger, Morgan, and Knowles, Thea. 2014. AutoVOT: A tool for automatic measurement of voice onset time using discriminative structured prediction, version 0.91. Available at: https://github.com/mlml/autovot/ [last accessed August 20, 2020].Google Scholar

Kim, Chin-Wu. 1965. On the autonomy of the tensity feature in stop classification (with special reference to Korean stops). Word 21; 339–59.Google Scholar

Kim, Chin-Wu. 1970. A theory of aspiration. Phonetica 21: 107–16.Google Scholar

Kim, Hyunsoon, Honda, Kiyoshi, and Maeda, Shinji. 2005. Stroboscopic-cine MRI study of the phasing between the tongue and the larynx in the Korean three-way phonation contrast. Journal of Phonetics 33: 1–26.Google Scholar

Kim, Hyunsoon, Maeda, Shinji, and Honda, Kiyoshi. 2010. Invariant articulatory bases of the features [tense] and [spread glottis] in Korean plosives: New stroboscopic cine-MRI data. Journal of Phonetics 38: 90–108.Google Scholar

Kim, Ji-Eun. 2015. Reinterpretation of stop production in Korean elderly speakers. Phonetics and Speech Sciences 7: 139–45.Google Scholar

Kim, Mi-Ran Cho. 1994. Acoustic characteristics of Korean stops and perception of English stop consonants. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison.Google Scholar

Kim, Mi-Ryoung. 2000. Segmental and tonal interactions in English and Korean: A phonetic and phonological study. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Michigan.Google Scholar

Kim, Mi-Ryoung, and Duanmu, San. 2004. “Tense” and “lax” stops in Korean. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 13: 59–104.CrossRef Google Scholar

Kim, Mi-Ryoung, Beddor, Patrice Speeter, and Horrocks, Julie. 2002. The contribution of consonantal and vocalic information to the perception of Korean initial stops. Journal of Phonetics 30: 77–100.Google Scholar

Kim, Won-Bo, and Byun, Gil-Ja. 2014. Variations in VOT, f0 and burst energy of word-initial voiceless stops produced by Jeju speakers in their 20’s, 50’s and 70’s respectively [Ceycwupangen Hwacauy Seytaypyel(20Tay/50Tay/70Tay) Etwu Phayelumuy VOT, F0 Mit Phayelkang-do? (burst energy) Pyeniyangsang]. Tamla Culture 44: 123–44.Google Scholar

Kim-Renaud, Young-Key. 1974. Korean Consonantal Phonology. Seoul: Pagoda Press.Google Scholar

Kim-Renaud, Young-Key. 1977. Syllable-boundary phenomena in Korean. Korean Studies 1: 243–73.CrossRef Google Scholar

Kim-Renaud, Young-Key. 1997. Review of “Laryngeal Features and Laryngeal Neutralization” by Linda Lombardi. Language 73: 411–16.Google Scholar

Kingston, John. 2011. Tonogenesis. In van Oostendorp, M., Ewen, C. J., Hume, E.V., and Rice, K., eds., The Blackwell Companion to Phonology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 2305–33.Google Scholar

Kingston, John, and Diehl, Randy L.. 1994. Phonetic knowledge. Language 70: 419–54.Google Scholar

Kirby, James. 2013. The role of probabilistic enhancement in phonologization. In Yu, A. C. L., ed., Origins of Sound Change: Approaches to Phonologization. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 228–46.Google Scholar

Kochetov, Alexei, and Kang, Yoonjung. 2017. Supralaryngeal implementation of length and laryngeal contrasts in Japanese and Korean. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue Canadienne de Linguistique 62: 18–55.Google Scholar

Labov, William. 1990. The intersection of sex and social class in the course of linguistic change. Language Variation Change 2: 205–54.Google Scholar

Labov, William. 1994. Principles of Linguistic Change: Internal Factors. Cambridge, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar

Lee, Hyunjung, and Jongman, Allard. 2012. Effects of tone on the three-way laryngeal distinction in Korean: An acoustic and aerodynamic comparison of the Seoul and South Kyungsang dialects. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 42: 145–69.Google Scholar

Lee, Hyunjung, and Jongman, Allard. 2013. Speakers of tonal and non-tonal Korean dialects use different cue weightings in the perception of the three-way laryngeal stop contrast. Journal of Phonetics 41: 117–32.Google Scholar

Lee, Hyunjung, and Jongman, Allard. 2019. Effects of sound change on the weighting of acoustic cues to the three-way laryngeal stop contrast in Korean: Diachronic and dialectal comparisons. Language and Speech 62: 509–30.Google Scholar

Lee, Jeonghyun, and Oh, Mira. 2010. Korean stops production in the Cheonnam and the Seoul Dialects. The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal 18: 93–104.Google Scholar

Lindblom, Björn, Guion, Susan, Hura, Susan, Moon, Seung-Jae, and Willerman, Raquel. 1995. Is sound change adaptive? Rivista di Linguistica 7: 5–36.Google Scholar

Lisker, Leigh, and Abramson, Arthur S.. 1964. A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: acoustical measurements. Word 20: 384–422.Google Scholar

Lombardi, Linda. 1994. Laryngeal Features and Laryngeal Neutralization. New York: Garland.Google Scholar

Obata, J., and Toyoshima, T.. 1932. Acoustic features of Korean vowels and consonants. Nippon Sugaku Butsuri Gakkaishi 6: 379–403.Google Scholar

Oh, Eunjin. 2011. Effects of speaker gender on voice onset time in Korean stops. Journal of Phonetics 39: 59–67.Google Scholar

Rice, Keren. 2007. Markedness in phonology. In de Lacy, P., ed., The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 79–97.Google Scholar

Sankoff, Gillian. 2013. Longitudinal studies. In Bayley, R., Cameron, R., and Lucas, C., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Sankoff, Gillian. 2018. Language change across the lifespan. Annual Review of Linguistics 4: 297–316.Google Scholar

Shin, Jiyoung. 1997. Consonantal production and coarticulation in Korean. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of London.Google Scholar

Shin, Jiyoung, Kiaer, Jieun, and Cha, Jaeeun. 2012. The Sounds of Korean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Shin, Woobong. 2015. An acoustic study of the vowels and word-initial obstruents in the Jeju dialect of Korean [Ceycwu Pangen Tanmoumkwa Etwu Cangayumuy Umhyang Umsenghakcek Yen-gu]. Ph.D. Dissertation, Korea University.Google Scholar

Silva, David J. 1992. The phonetics and phonology of stop lenition in Korean. Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell University.Google Scholar

Silva, David J. 2002. Consonant aspiration in Korean: A retrospective. Inn Lee, S.O., Iverson, G., Ahn, S-C., and Cho, Y-M.Y., eds., Pathways into Korean Language and Culture: Essays in Honor of Young-Key Kim-Renaud. Seoul: Pagijong Press, pp. 387–409.Google Scholar

Silva, David J. 2006. Acoustic evidence for the emergence of tonal contrast in contemporary Korean. Phonology 23: 287–308.Google Scholar

Wright, Jonathan D. 2007. Laryngeal contrast in Seoul Korean. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar

References

Arvaniti, A., and Garding, G.. 2007. Dialectal variation in the rising accents of American English. In Hualde, J. and Cole, J., eds., Papers in Laboratory Phonology 9. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 547–76.Google Scholar

Arvaniti, A., Ladd, D. R., and Mennen, I.. 2000. What is a starred tone? Evidence from Greek. In Broe, M. and Pierrehumbert, J., eds., Papers in Laboratory Phonology 5: Acquisition and the Lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 119–31.Google Scholar

Atterer, M., and Ladd, D. R.. 2004. On the phonetics and phonology of “segmental anchoring” of F0: Evidence from German. Journal of Phonetics 32: 177–97.Google Scholar

Bang, H., Sonderegger, M., Kang, Y., Clayards, M., and Yoon, T.. 2018. The emergence, progress, and impact of sound change in progress in Seoul Korean: Implications for mechanisms of tonogenesis. Journal of Phonetics 66: 120–44.Google Scholar

Baumann, S., and Winter, B.. 2018. What makes a word prominent? Predicting untrained German listeners’ perceptual judgments. Journal of Phonetics 70: 20–38.Google Scholar

Beckman, M. E. 1996. The parsing of prosody. Language and Cognitive Processes 11: 17–67.Google Scholar

Beddor, P. S. 2009. A coarticulatory path to sound change. Language 85(4): 785–821.Google Scholar

Berkovits, R. 1993. Utterance-final lengthening and the duration of final-stop closures. Journal of Phonetics 21: 479–89.Google Scholar

Berkovits, R. 1994. Durational effects in final lengthening, gapping, and contrastive stress. Language and Speech 37: 237–50.Google Scholar

Boersma, P. 1998. Functional phonology: Formalizing the interactions between articulatory and perceptual drives. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Amsterdam.Google Scholar

Bruce, G. 1977. Swedish Word Accents in Sentence Perspective. Gleerup, Lund: Travaux de L’institut de Linguistique de Lund XII.Google Scholar

Byrd, D. 2000. Articulatory vowel lengthening and coordination at phrasal junctures. Phonetica 57: 3–16.Google Scholar

Byrd, D. 2006. Relating prosody and dynamic events: Commentary on the papers by Cho, Navas, and Smiljanić. In Goldstein, L., Whalen, D., and Best, C., eds., Papers in Laboratory Phonology 8. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 549–61.Google Scholar

Byrd, D., and Saltzman, E.. 1998. Intragestural dynamics of multiple prosodic boundaries. Journal of Phonetics 26: 173–99.Google Scholar

Byrd, D., and Saltzman, E.. 2003. The elastic phrase: Modeling the dynamics of boundary-adjacent lengthening. Journal of Phonetics 31: 149–80.Google Scholar

Byrd, D., Krivokapić, J., and Lee, S.. 2006. How far, how long: On the temporal scope of prosodic boundary effects. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120: 1589–99.Google Scholar

Byrd, D., Kaun, A., Narayanan, S., and Saltzman, E.. 2000. Phrasal signatures in articulation. In Broe, M. and Pierrehumbert, J., eds., Papers in Laboratory Phonology 5: Acquisition and the Lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 70–88.Google Scholar

Chen, Y., and Gussenhoven, C.. 2008. Emphasis and tonal implementation in Standard Chinese. Journal of Phonetics 36(4): 724–46.Google Scholar

Cho, T. 2004. Prosodically conditioned strengthening and vowel-to-vowel coarticulation in English. Journal of Phonetics 32: 141–76.Google Scholar

Cho, T. 2005. Prosodic strengthening and featural enhancement: Evidence from acoustic and articulatory realizations of /a, i/ in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(6): 3867–78.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cho, T. 2006. Manifestation of prosodic structure in articulation: Evidence from lip kinematics in English. In Goldstein, L. M., Whalen, D. H., and Best, C. T., eds., Laboratory Phonology 8: Varieties of Phonological Competence. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 519–48.Google Scholar

Cho, T. 2008. Prosodic strengthening in transboundary V-to-V lingual movement in American English. Phonetica 65: 45–61.Google Scholar

Cho, T. 2011. Laboratory phonology. In Kula, N. C., Botma, B., and Nasukawa, K., eds., The Continuum Companion to Phonology. London/New York: Continuum, pp. 343–68.Google Scholar

Cho, T. 2015. Language effects on timing at the segmental and suprasegmental levels. In Redford, M., ed., The Handbook of Speech Production. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 505–29.Google Scholar

Cho, T. 2016. Prosodic boundary strengthening in the phonetics-prosody interface. Language and Linguistics Compass 10(3): 120–41.Google Scholar

Cho, T., and Jun, S.. 2000. Domain-initial strengthening as featural enhancement: Aerodynamic evidence from Korean. Chicago Linguistics Society 36: 31–44.Google Scholar

Cho, T., and Keating, P.. 2001. Articulatory and acoustic studies of domain-initial strengthening in Korean. Journal of Phonetics 29: 155–90.Google Scholar

Cho, T., and Keating, P.. 2009. Effects of initial position versus prominence in English. Journal of Phonetics 37: 466–85.Google Scholar

Cho, T., and Ladefoged, L.. 1999. Variation and universals in VOT: Evidence from 18 languages. Journal of Phonetics 27: 207–29.Google Scholar

Cho, T., and McQueen, J.. 2005. Prosodic influences on consonant production in Dutch: Effects of prosodic boundaries, phrasal accent and lexical stress. Journal of Phonetics 33: 121–57.Google Scholar

Cho, T., Jun, S-A., and Ladefoged, P.. 2002. Acoustic and aerodynamic correlates of Korean stops and fricatives. Journal of Phonetics 30: 193–228.Google Scholar

Cho, T., Kim, D., and Kim, S.. 2017. Prosodically conditioned fine-tuning of coarticulatory vowel nasalization in English. Journal of Phonetics 64: 71–89.Google Scholar

Cho, T., Kim, D., and Kim, S.. 2019. Prosodic strengthening in reference to the lexical pitch accent system in South Kyungsang Korean. The Linguistic Review 36(1): 85–116.Google Scholar

Cho, T., Kim, J., and Kim, S.. 2013. Preboundary lengthening and preaccentual shortening across syllables in a trisyllabic word in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 133(5): EL384–EL390.Google Scholar

Cho, T., Lee, Y., and Kim, S.. 2011. Communicatively driven versus prosodically driven hyper-articulation in Korean. Journal of Phonetics 39(3): 344–61.Google Scholar

Cho, T., McQueen, J., and Cox, E.. 2007. Prosodically driven phonetic detail in speech processing: The case of domain-initial strengthening in English. Journal of Phonetics 35: 210–43.Google Scholar

Cho, T., Son, M., and Kim, S.. 2016. Articulatory reflexes of the three-way contrast in labial stops and kinematic evidence for domain-initial strengthening in Korean. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 46; 129–55.Google Scholar

Cho, T., Whalen, D. H., and Docherty, G.. 2019. Voice onset time and beyond: Exploring laryngeal contrast in 19 languages. Journal of Phonetics 72: 52–65.Google Scholar

Choi, J., Kim, S., and Cho, T.. 2020. An apparent-time study of an ongoing sound change in Seoul Korean: A prosodic account. PloS ONE 15(10): e0240682: 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240682.Google Scholar

Choi, J., Lee, J., Kim, S., and Cho, T.. 2018. Prosodically-conditioned phonetic cues in production of Korean aspirated vs. lenis stops. In Cho, T., Kim, S., Choi, J., Kim, J., Kim, S., and Kim, K., eds., HisPhonCog: Hanyang International Symposium on Phonetics and Cognitive Sciences of Language 1: 121.Google Scholar

Chomsky, N., and Halle, M.. 1968. The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row. (Reprinted, 1991, Boston: The MIT Press.)Google Scholar

Coetzee, A. W., Beddor, P., Shedden, K., Styler, W., and Wissing, D.. 2018. Plosive voicing in Afrikaans: Differential cue weighting and tonogenesis. Journal of Phonetics 66: 185–216.Google Scholar

De Jong, J. J. 1995. The supraglottal articulation of prominence in English: Linguistic stress as localized hyperarticulation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97: 491–504.Google Scholar

De Jong, K. J. 2004. Stress, lexical focus, and segmental focus in English: Patterns of variation in vowel duration. Journal of Phonetics 32: 493–516.Google Scholar

De Jong, K. J., and Zawaydeh, B. A.. 2002. Comparing stress, lexical focus, and segmental focus: Patterns of variation in Arabic vowel duration. Journal of Phonetics 30: 53–75.Google Scholar

Flemming, E. 1995. Auditory representations in phonology. Ph.D. Dissertation, UCLA.Google Scholar

Fletcher, J. 2010. The prosody of speech: Timing and rhythm. In Hardcastle, W. J., Laver, J., and Gibbon, F. E., eds., The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences (2nd edition). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 523–602.Google Scholar

Fougeron, C. 1999. Prosodically conditioned articulatory variations: A review. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 97: 1–74.Google Scholar

Fougeron, C. 2001. Articulatory properties of initial segments in several prosodic constituents in French. Journal of Phonetics 29: 109–35.Google Scholar

Fougeron, C., and Keating, P. A.. 1997. Articulatory strengthening at edges of prosodic domains. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106: 3728–40.Google Scholar

Fowler, C. A. 1988. Periodic dwindling of acoustic and articulatory variables in speech production. Paw Review 3: 10–13.Google Scholar

Gaskell, M. G., and Marslen-Wilson, W. D.. 1996. Phonological variation and inference in lexical access. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 22: 144–58.Google Scholar

Gaskell, M. G., and Snoeren, N. D.. 2008. The impact of strong assimilation on the perception of connected speech. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 34(6): 1632–47.Google Scholar

Goldsmith, J. 1976. Autosegmental phonology. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar

Goldsmith, J. 1990. Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Hyman, L. M. 2008. Universals in phonology. The Linguistic Review 25: 83–137.Google Scholar

Jang, J., and Katsika, A.. 2020. The amount of scope of phrase-final lengthening in Seoul Korean. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Speech Prosody, pp. 270–4. Tokyo, Japan.Google Scholar

Jang, J., Kim, S., and Cho, T.. 2018. Focus and boundary effects on coarticulatory vowel nasalization in Korean with implications for cross-linguistic similarities and differences. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144: EL33–9.Google Scholar

Jun, S-A. 1993. The phonetics and phonology of Korean prosody. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University.Google Scholar

Jun, S-A. 1995a. Asymmetrical prosodic effects on the laryngeal gesture in Korean. In Connell, B. and Arvaniti, A., eds., Papers in Laboratory Phonology 4: Phonology and Phonetic Evidence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 235–53.Google Scholar

Jun, S-A. 1995b. An acoustic study of Korean stress. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 98: 2893.Google Scholar

Jun, S-A. 1996. Influence of microprosody on macroprosody: A case of phrase initial strengthening. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 92: 97–116.Google Scholar

Jun, S-A. 1998. The Accentual Phrase in the Korean prosodic hierarchy. Phonology 15(2): 189–226.Google Scholar

Jun, S-A. 2000. K-ToBI (Korean ToBI) Labelling Conventions (Version 3.1). www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/jun/ktobi/K-tobi.html Google Scholar

Jun, S-A. 2014. Prosodic typology: By prominence type, word prosody, and macro-rhythm. In Jun, S-A., ed., Prosodic Typology 2: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 520–39.Google Scholar

Jun, S-A., Beckman, M., and Lee, H.. 1998. Fiberscopic evidence for the influence on vowel devoicing of the glottal configurations for Korean obstruents. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 96: 43–68.Google Scholar

Jun, S-A., and Fougeron, C.. 2002. Realizations of accentual phrase in French intonation. Probus 14: 147–72Google Scholar

Kang, Y. 2014. Voice Onset Time merger and development of tonal contrast in Seoul Korean stops: A corpus study. Journal of Phonetics 45: 76–90.Google Scholar

Keating, P. A. 1984. Phonetic and phonological representation of stop consonant voicing. Language 60: 286–319.Google Scholar

Keating, P. A. 1985. Universal phonetics and the organization of grammars. In Fromkin, V. A., ed., Phonetic Linguistics: Essays in Honor of Peter Ladefoged. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, pp. 115–32.Google Scholar

Keating, P. A. 1990. The window model of coarticulation: Articulatory evidence. In Kingston, J. and Beckman, M., eds., Papers in Laboratory Phonology I: Between the Grammar and the Physics of Speech. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 451–70.Google Scholar

Keating, P. A. 2006. Phonetic encoding of prosodic structure. In Harrington, J. and Tabain, M., eds., Speech Production: Models, Phonetic Processes, and Techniques. New York and Hove: Psychology Press, pp.167–86.Google Scholar

Keating, P. A., Cho, T., Fougeron, C., and Hsu, C.. 2003. Domain-initial strengthening in four languages. In Local, J., Ogden, R., and Temple, R., eds., Papers in Laboratory Phonology 6: Phonetic Interpretations. Cambridge:: Cambridge University Press, pp. 145–63.Google Scholar

Keating, P. A., and Shattuck-Hufnagel, S.. 2002. A prosodic view of word form encoding for speech production. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 101: 112–56.Google Scholar

Kim, J., and Jun, S.-A.. 2009. Prosodic structure and focus prosody of South Kyungsang Korean. Language Research 45(1): 43–66.Google Scholar

Kim, S. 2004. The role of prosodic phrasing in Korean word segmentation. Ph.D. dissertation, UCLA.Google Scholar

Kim, S-J. 2000. Accentual effects on segmental phonological rules in Korean. Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill.Google Scholar

Kim, S., Broersma, M., and Cho, T.. 2012. The use of prosodic cues in processing an unfamiliar language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 34(3): 415–44.Google Scholar

Kim, S., and Cho, T.. 2009. The use of phrase-level prosodic information in lexical segmentation: Evidence from word-spotting experiments in Korean. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125(5): 3373–86.Google Scholar

Kim, S., and Cho, T.. 2013. Prosodic boundary information modulates phonetic categorization. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134(1): EL19–EL25.Google Scholar

Kim, S., and Cho, T.. 2014. Articulatory modification of /m/ in the coda and the onset as a function of prosodic boundary strength and focus in Korean. Journal of the Korean Society of Speech Sciences 6(4): 3–15.Google Scholar

Kim, S., Jang, J., and Cho, T.. 2017. Articulatory characteristics of preboundary lengthening in interaction with prominence on tri-syllabic words in American English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 142(4): EL362–8.Google Scholar

Kim, S., Kim, J., and Cho, T.. 2018. Prosodic-structural modulation of stop voicing contrast along the VOT continuum in trochaic and iambic words in American English. Journal of Phonetics 71: 65–80.Google Scholar

Kim, S., Mittererer, H., and Cho, T.. 2018. A time course of prosodic modulation in phonological inferencing: The case of Korean post-obstruent tensing. PLOS ONE 13(8): e0202912, 1–28.Google Scholar

Kim, Y. 2011. An acoustic, aerodynamic and perceptual investigation of word-initial denasalization in Korean. Ph.D. dissertation, University College London.Google Scholar

Kingston, J. 2011. Tonogenesis. In van Oostendorp, M., Ewen, C. J., Hume, E., and Rice, K., eds., Blackwell Companion to Phonology 5. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 2304–34.Google Scholar

Kingston, J., and Diehl, R. L.. 1994. Phonetic knowledge. Language 70: 419–54.Google Scholar

Kirby, J. 2018. Onset pitch perturbations and the cross-linguistic implementation of voicing: Evidence from tonal and non-tonal languages. Journal of Phonetics 71: 326–54.Google Scholar

Krakow, R. A., Bell-Berti, F., and Wang, Q. E.. 1995. Supralaryngeal declination: Evidence from the velum. In Bell-Berti, F. and Raphael, J. J., eds., Producing Speech: Contemporary Issues: For Katherine Safford Harris. Melville, Long Island, New York: AIP Publishing, pp. 333–54.Google Scholar

Krivokapić, J. 2012. Prosodic planning in speech production. In Fuchs, Susanne, Weihrich, Melanie, Pape, Daniel, and Perrier, Pascal, eds., Speech Planning and Dynamics. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang, pp. 157–90.Google Scholar

Kubozono, H. 2018. Pitch accent. In Hasegawa, Y., ed., The Cambridge Handbook of Japanese Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 154–80.Google Scholar

Kučerová, I., and Neeleman, A.. 2012. Contrasts and Positions in Information Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Kühnert, B., and Nolan, F.. 1999. The origin of coarticulation. In Hardcastle, W. J. and Hewlett, N., eds., Coarticulation: Theory, Data and Techniques in Speech Production. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 7–30.Google Scholar

Ladd, D. R. 2004. Segmental anchoring of pitch movements: Autosegmental phonology or speech production? In Quené, H. and van Heuven, V., eds., On Speech and Language: Studies for Sieb G. Nooteboom. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics (LOT), pp. 123–32.Google Scholar

Ladd, D. R. 2006. Segmental anchoring of pitch movements: Autosegmental association or gestural coordination? Rivista di Linguistica [Italian Journal of Linguistics] 18: 19–38.Google Scholar

Ladd, D. R. 2008. Intonational Phonology, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Ladd, D. R., Schepman, A., White, L., Quarmby, L. M., and Stackhouse, R.. 2009. Structural and dialectal effects of pitch peak alignment in two varities of British English. Journal of Phonetics 37: 145–61.Google Scholar

Ladd, D. R., and Schmid, S.. 2018. Obstruent voicing effects on F0, but without voicing: Phonetic correlates of Swiss German lenis, fortis, and aspirated stops. Journal of Phonetics 71: 229–48.Google Scholar

Lim, B-J., and de Jong, K.. 1999. Tonal alignment in standard Korean: The case of younger generation. Paper presented at the Western Conference on Linguistics, University of Texas, El Paso, TX.Google Scholar

Lindblom, B. 1963. Spectrographic study of the vowel reduction. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 35: 1773–81.Google Scholar

Lombardi, L. 1991. Laryngeal features and laryngeal neutralization. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.Google Scholar

Mitterer, H, Cho, T., and Kim, S.. 2016. How does prosody influence speech categorization? Journal of Phonetics 54: 68–79.Google Scholar

Moon, S. J., and Lindblom, B.. 1994. Interaction between duration, context, and speaking style in English stressed vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96: 40–55.Google Scholar

Mücke, D., and Grice, M.. 2014. The effect of focus marking on supralaryngeal articulation – Is it mediated by accentuation? Journal of Phonetics 44: 47–61.Google Scholar

Nakai, S., Kunnari, S., Turk, A., Suomi, K., and Ylitalo, R.. 2008. Utterance-final lengthening and quantity in Northern Finnish. Journal of Phonetics 37: 39–45.Google Scholar

Nespor, M., and Vogel, I.. 1986. Prosodic Phonology. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.Google Scholar

Oh, E. 2011. Effects of speaker gender on voice onset time in Korean stops. Journal of Phonetics 39: 59–67.Google Scholar

Park, K. C. 2004. The phrase-initial high in Korean. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 10: 203–23.Google Scholar

Pierrehumbert, J. 1980. The phonology and phonetics of English intonation. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar

Pierrehumbert, J., and Beckman, M.. 1988. Japanese Tone Structure. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar

Pierrehumbert, J., and Talkin, D.. 1992. Lenition of /h/ and glottal stop. In Docherty, G. and Ladd, D. R., eds., Papers in Laboratory Phonology 2: Gesture, Segment, Prosody. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 90–117.Google Scholar

Prieto, P., and Torreira, F.. 2007. The segmental anchoring hypothesis revisited. Syllable structure and speech rate effects on peak timing in Spanish. Journal of Phonetics 35: 473–500.Google Scholar

Saffran, J. R. 2001. The use of predictive dependencies in language learning. Journal of Memory and Language 44: 493–515.Google Scholar

Saffran, J. R., Newport, E. L., and Aslin, R. N.. 1996. Word segmentation: The role of distributional cues. Journal of Memory and Language 35: 606–21.Google Scholar

Selkirk, E. 1984. Phonology and Syntax: The Relation between Sound and Structure. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar

Selkirk, E. 1995. Sentence prosody: Intonation, stress, and phrasing. In Goldsmith, J. A., ed., The Handbook of Phonological Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 550–69.Google Scholar

Shattuck-Hufnagel, S., and Turk, A. E.. 1996. A prosody tutorial for investigators of auditory sentence processing. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 25(2): 193–247.Google Scholar

Shepherd, M. A. 2008. The scope and effects of preboundary prosodic lengthening in Japanese. USC Working Papers in Linguistics 4: 1–14.Google Scholar

Silva, D. J. 2006. Acoustic evidence for the emergence of tonal contrast in contemporary Korean. Phonology 23(2): 287–308.Google Scholar

Tabain, M. 2003. Effects of prosodic boundary on /aC/ sequences: Articulatory results. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113: 2834–49.Google Scholar

Tremblay, A., Cho, T., Kim, S., and Shin, S.. 2018. Gradient effects of tonal scaling in the segmentation of Korean speech: An artificial-language segmentation study. In Proceedings of the 9th Internatinal Conference on Speech Prosody 2018 (pp. 65–9). Poznań, Poland.Google Scholar

Turk, A. E., and Shattuck-Hufnagel, S.. 2007. Multiple targets of phrase-final lengthening in American English words. Journal of Phonetics 35: 445–72.Google Scholar

Vaissière, J. 1991. Rhythm, accentuation and final lengthening. In Sundberg, J., Nord, L., and Carlson, R., eds., French in Music, Language, Speech and Brain 59: 108–20.Google Scholar

Vayra, M., and Fowler, C.. 1992. Declination of supralaryngeal gestures in spoken Italian. Phonetica 49: 48–60.Google Scholar

Yoshida, K. 2008. Phonetic implementation of Korean denasalization and its variation related to prosody. IULC Working Papers 8(1): 1–23.Google Scholar

References

Bennett, Ryan, and Elfner, Emily. 2019. The syntax-prosody interface. Annual Reviews of Linguistics 5: 20.1–20.21.Google Scholar

Cho, Young-Mee Yu. 1987. Phrasal phonology of Korean. Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics 2: 328–40.Google Scholar

Cho, Taehong, and Keating, Patricia A.. 2001. Articulatory and acoustic studies on domain-initial strengthening in Korean. Journal of Phonetics 29: 155–90.Google Scholar

Cho, Young-Mee Yu. 1990. Syntax and phrasing in Korean. In Inkelas, Sharon and Zed, Draga, eds., The Phonology-Syntax Connection. Illinois: University of Chicago Press, pp. 47–62.Google Scholar

Ito, Junko, and Mester, Armin. 2012. Recursive prosodic phrasing in Japanese. In Borowsky, Toni, Kawahara, Shigeto, Shinya, Takahito, and Sugahara, Mariko, eds., Prosody Matters: Essays in Honor of Elisabeth Selkirk. London: Equinox, pp. 280–303.Google Scholar

Jun, Sun-Ah. 1996. The phonetics and phonology of Korean prosody. New York: Garland Publishing Inc.Google Scholar

Jun, Sun-Ah. 1998. The Accentual Phrase in the Korean prosodic hierarchy. Phonology 15(2): 189–226.Google Scholar

Jun, Sun-Ah. 2005. Intonational phonology of Seoul Korean revisited. Department of Linguistics, UCLA, 104, 14–25.Google Scholar

Kaisse, Ellen. 1985. Connected Speech: The Interaction of Syntax and Phonology. Orlando: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Nespor, Marina, and Vogel, Irene. 1986. Prosodic Phonology. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar

Selkirk, Elisabeth O. 1984. Phonology and Syntax: The Relation between Sound and Structure. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar

Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1986. On derived domains in sentence phonology. Phonology Yearbook 3: 371–405.Google Scholar

Selkirk, Elisabeth. 2011. The syntax-phonology interface. In Goldsmith, J., Riggle, J., and Yu, A. C. L., eds., The Handbook of Phonological Theory, 2nd ed. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 435–84.Google Scholar

Selkirk, Elisabeth, and Lee, Seunghun J.. 2015. Constituency in sentence phonology: An introduction. Phonology 32: 1–18.Google Scholar

Selkirk, Elisabeth, and Shen, Tong. 1990. Prosodic domains in Shanghai Chinese. In Inkelas, Sharon and Zed, Draga, eds., The Phonology-Syntax Connection. Illinois: University of Chicago Press, pp. 313–38.Google Scholar

Selkirk, Elisabeth, and Takeishi, Koichi. 1988. Constraints on minor phrase formation in Japanese. In MacLeod, Lynn, Laron, Gary, and Brentari, Diane, eds., Papers from the 24th Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 316–36.Google Scholar

Silva, David James. 1988. Determining the domain for intervocalic stop voicing in Korean. Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics 3: 177–88.Google Scholar

Silva, David James. 1990. A prosody-based investigation into the phonetics of Korean. Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics 4: 181–95.Google Scholar

References

Au, T. K., Knightly, L. M., Jun, S-A., and Oh, J. S.. 2002. Overhearing a language during childhood. Psychological Science 13(3): 238–43.Google Scholar

Best, C. T. 1995. A direct realist view of cross-language speech perception. In Strange, W., Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-Language Research. Baltimore: York Press, pp. 171–204.Google Scholar

Boersma, P. 2001. Praat, a system for doing phonetics by computer. Glot International 5(9/10): 341–5.Google Scholar

Brown, H. D. 2007. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 5th ed. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education.Google Scholar

Chang, C. B. 2019. Language change and linguistic inquiry in a world of multicompetence: Sustained phonetic drift and its implications for behavioral linguistic research. Journal of Phonetics 74: 96–113.Google Scholar

Chang, C. B., Yao, Y., Haynes, E. F., and Rhodes, R.. 2011. Production of phonetic and phonological contrast by heritage speakers of Mandarin. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129(6): 3964–80.Google Scholar

Cheon, S., and Lee, T.. 2013. Perception of Korean stops by heritage and non-heritage learners: Pedagogical implications for beginning learners. The Korean Language in America 18: 23–39.Google Scholar

Flege, J. E. 1987. The production of “new” and “similar” phones in a foreign language: Evidence for the effect of equivalence classification. Journal of Phonetics 15: 47–65.Google Scholar

Flege, J. E. 1995. Theory, findings, and problems. In Strange, W., ed., Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-Language Research. Timonium, MD: York Press, pp. 229–73.Google Scholar

Flege, J. E., Yeni-Komshian, G. H., and Liu, S.. 1999. Age constraints on second-language acquisition. Journal of Memory and Language 41(1): 78–104.Google Scholar

Godson, L. 2004. Vowel production in the speech of Western Armenian heritage speakers. Heritage Language Journal 2(1): 44–69.Google Scholar

Jun, S-A. 1994. The status of lenis stop voicing rule in Korean. In Kim-Renaud, Y-K, ed., Theoretical Issues in Korean Linguistics. Stanford, CA: CSLI, pp. 101–14.Google Scholar

Jun, S-A. 2006. Phonological development of Korean: A case study. Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics 11: 17–33.Google Scholar

Kim, M-R. 1994. Acoustic characteristics of Korean stops and perception of English stop consonants. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison.Google Scholar

Kim, M-R., and Lotto, A. J.. 2002. An investigation of acoustic characteristics of Korean stops produced by non-heritage learners. In Ree, J. J., ed., The Korean Language in America 7: 177–88.Google Scholar

Kondo-Brown, K., and Brown, J. D.. 2008. Teaching Chinese, Japanese and Korean Heritage Language Students: Curriculum Needs, Materials, and Assessment (ESL and Applied Linguistics Professional series). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates/Taylor & Francis Group.Google Scholar

Laleko, O., and Polinsky, M.. 2013. Marking topic or marking case: A comparative investigation of heritage Japanese and heritage Korean. Heritage Language Journal 10(2): 40–64.Google Scholar

Lisker, L., and Abrahamson, A. S.. 1964. A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements. Word 20: 384–422.Google Scholar

Nozawa, T., and Cheon, S.. 2014. The identification of stops in a coda position by native speakers of American English, Korean and Japanese. Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 18: 13–27.Google Scholar

Oh, J. S., Jun, S-A, Knightly, L. M., and Au, T. K.. 2003. Holding on to childhood language memory. Cognition 86(3): B53–64.Google Scholar

Schmidt, A. M. 2007. Cross-language consonant identification: English and Korean. In Bohn, O. S. and Munro, M. J., eds., Language Experience in Second Language Speech Learning: In Honor of James Emil Flege. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 185–200.Google Scholar

UCLA Steering Committee. 2000. Heritage language research priorities conference report. Bilingual Research Journal 24(4): 465–74.Google Scholar

Valdés, G. 1995. The teaching of minority languages as academic aubjects: Pedagogical and theoretical challenges. The Modern Language Journal 79: 299–328.Google Scholar

Book contents

Part II - Phonetics and Phonology

Summary

Access options

References

References

References

References

References

References

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive