Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T16:14:41.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Interpersonal Models of Personality Pathology

from Part II - Models

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2020

By
Michael J. Roche  and
Emily B. Ansell
Edited by
Carl W. Lejuez  and
Kim L. Gratz
Carl W. Lejuez
Affiliation:
University of Kansas
Kim L. Gratz
Affiliation:
University of Toledo, Ohio
Get access

Summary

This chapter reviews how personality disorder assessment, conceptualization, and treatment can be enhanced by considering interpersonal models. Contemporary Integrative Interpersonal Theory (CIIT) provides conceptual grounding to interpersonal models, which are often constructed around the two dimensions of agency and communion. Agency captures the theme of achievement, status, control, and differentiation, whereas communion captures the theme of connectedness, union, solidarity, and friendship. The authors discuss how personality disorder patients often struggle with agency and communion, and review research articulating how personality disorders are associated with specific impairments in agency and communion in cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs. They also propose a fifth assumption to CIIT to integrate emerging literature on pathological interpersonal patterns in personality disorders. This assumption emphasizes the importance of context in characterizing non-normative social exchanges beyond simple deviations from complementarity. They conclude by discussing how concepts in interpersonal models can be used to inform and implement therapy for patients with a personality disorder.

Keywords

interpersonal theoryinterpersonal circumplexagency and communioncomplementaritypersonalitypsychopathologyecological momentary assessmentcontinuous assessment of interpersonal dynamicsintensive repeated measurespersonality disorder
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Disorders , pp. 171 - 184
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acton, G. S., & Revelle, W. (2002). Interpersonal personality measures show circumplex structure based on new psychometric criteria. Journal of Personality Assessment, 79, 446–471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alden, L. E., & Capreol, M. J. (1993). Avoidant personality disorder: Interpersonal problems as predictors of treatment response. Behavior Therapy, 24, 357–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alden, L. E., Wiggins, J. S., & Pincus, A. L. (1990). Construction of circumplex scales for the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55, 521–536.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Altenstein, D., Krieger, T., & Grosse Holtforth, M.G. (2013). Interpersonal microprocesses predict cognitive-emotional processing and the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy for depression. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60, 445–452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ambwani, S., & Hopwood, C. J. (2009). The utility of considering interpersonal problems in the assessment of bulimic features. Eating Behaviors, 10, 247–253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Anchin, J. C., & Pincus, A. L. (2010). Evidence-based interpersonal psychotherapy with personality disorders: Theory, components, and strategies. In Magnavita, J. J. (Ed.), Evidence-Based Treatment of Personality Dysfunction: Principles, Methods, and Processes (pp. 113–166). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakan, D. (1966). The Duality of Human Existence: Isolation and Communion in Western Man. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benjamin, L. S. (1993). Every psychopathology is a gift of love. Psychotherapy Research, 3, 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benjamin, L. S. (2003). Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy: Promoting Change in Nonresponders. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Blais, M. A., & Hopwood, C. J. (2017). Model-based approaches for teaching and practicing personality assessment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 99, 136–145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boroughs, M. S., & O’Cleirigh, C (2015). Pathoplasticity. In The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology. Chichester: John Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp296.Google Scholar
Browne, M. W. (1992). Circumplex models for correlation matrices. Psychometrika, 57, 469–497.Google Scholar
Cain, N. M., Ansell, E. B., Wright, A. G. C., Hopwood, C. J., Thomas, K. M., Pinto, A., … Grilo, C. M. (2012). Interpersonal pathoplasticity in the course of major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 78–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cain, N. M., Meehan, K. B., Roche, M. J., Clarkin, J. F., & De Panfilis, C. (2019). Effortful control and interpersonal behavior in daily life. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101, 315–325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cain, N. M. & Pincus, A. L. (2016). Treating maladaptive interpersonal signatures. In Livesley, W. J., Dimaggio, G. S., & Clarkin, J. F. (Eds.), Integrated Treatment of Personality Disorder: A Modular Approach (pp. 305–324). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Cain, N. M., Pincus, A. L., & Grosse Holtforth, M. (2010). Interpersonal subtypes in social phobia: Diagnostic and treatment implications. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 514–527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, W. K., Brunell, A. B., & Finkel, E. J. (2006). Narcissism, interpersonal self-regulation, and romantic relationships: An agency model approach. In Vohs, K. D. & Finkel, E. J. (Eds.), Self and Relationships: Connecting Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Processes (pp. 57–83). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Carson, R. C. (1969). Interaction Concepts of Personality. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Clarkin, J. F., Yeomans, F. E., & Kernberg, O. F. (2006). Psychotherapy of Borderline Personality: Focusing on Object Relations. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Dawood, S., & Pincus, A. L. (2016). Multi-surface interpersonal assessment in a cognitive-behavioral therapy context. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98, 449–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawood, S., Thomas, K. M., Wright, A. G. C., & Hopwood, C. J. (2013). Heterogeneity of interpersonal problems among depressed young adults: Associations with substance abuse and pathological personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 513–522.Google Scholar
Depue, R. A. (2006). Interpersonal behavior and the structure of personality: Neurobehavioral foundation of agentic extraversion and affiliation. In Canli, T. (Ed.), Biology of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 60–92). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Dowgwillo, E. A., Roche, M. J., & Pincus, A. L. (2018). Examining the interpersonal nature of Criterion A of the DSM-5 Section III Alternative Model for Personality Disorders using bootstrapped circular confidence intervals. Journal of Personality Assessment, 100, 581–592.Google Scholar
Florsheim, P., & McArthur, L. (2009). An interpersonal approach to attachment and change. In Obegi, J. H. & Berent, E. (Eds.), Attachment Theory and Research in Clinical Work with Adults (pp. 379–409). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Fournier, M. A., Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. C. (2008). Integrating dispositions, signatures, and the interpersonal domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 531–545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fournier, M. A., Zuroff, D. C., & Moskowitz, D. S. (2007). The social competition theory of depression: Gaining from an evolutionary approach to losing. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26, 786–790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurtman, M. B. (1994). The circumplex as a tool for studying normal and abnormal personality: A methodological primer. In Strack, S. & Lorr, M. (Eds.), Differentiating Normal and Abnormal Personality (pp. 243–263). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Gurtman, M. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2003). The circumplex model: Methods and research applications. In Schnika, J. A. & Velicer, W. F. (Eds.), Comprehensive Handbook of Psychology, Volume 2: Research Methods in Psychology (pp. 407–428). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hooley, J. M. (2010). Social factors in schizophrenia. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 238–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Clarke, A. N., & Perez, M. (2007). Pathoplasticity of bulimic features and interpersonal problems. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40, 652–658.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopwood, C. J., Thomas, K. M., Luo, X., Bernard, N., Lin, Y., & Levendosky, A. A. (2016). Implementing dynamic assessments in psychotherapy. Assessment, 23, 507–517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horowitz, L. M. (2004). Interpersonal Foundations of Psychopathology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Kachin, K. E., Newman, M. G., & Pincus, A. L. (2001). An interpersonal problem approach to the division of social phobia subtypes. Behavior Therapy, 32, 479–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiesler, D. J. (1982). Confronting the client–therapist relationship in psychotherapy. In Anchin, J. C. & Kiesler, D. J. (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (pp. 274–295). New York: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Klahr, A. M., Thomas, K. M., Hopwood, C. J., Klump, K. L., & Burt, S. A. (2013). Evocative gene–environment correlation in the mother–child relationship: A twin study of interpersonal processes. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 105–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., … & Eaton, N. R. (2017). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 454–477.Google Scholar
LaForge, R. (2004). The early development of the interpersonal system of personality (ISP). Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 359–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leary, T. (1957). Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality. New York: Ronald Press.Google Scholar
Leichsenring, F., Kunst, H., & Hoyer, J. (2003). Borderline personality organization in violent offenders: Correlations of identity diffusion and primitive defense mechanisms with antisocial features, neuroticism, and interpersonal problems. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 67, 314–327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levendosky, A. A., & Hopwood, C. J. (2017). A clinical science approach to training first year clinicians to navigate therapeutic relationships. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 27, 153–171.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. M. (2015). DBT Skills Training Manual (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Lizdek, I., Woody, E., Sadler, P., & Rehman, U. S. (2016). How do depressive symptoms in husbands and wives relate to the interpersonal dynamics of marital interactions? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63, 721–735.Google Scholar
Locke, K. D. (2011). Circumplex measures of interpersonal constructs. In Horowitz, L. M. & Strack, S. (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment, and Therapeutic Interventions (pp. 313–324). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Locke, K. D., & Sadler, P. (2007). Self-efficacy, values, and complementarity in dyadic interactions: Integrating interpersonal and social-cognitive theory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 94–109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lukowitsky, M. R., & Pincus, A. L. (2011). The pantheoretical nature of mental representations and their ability to predict interpersonal adjustment in a nonclinical sample. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 28, 48–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luyten, P., & Blatt, S. J. (2011). Integrating theory-driven and empirically-derived models of personality development and psychopathology: A proposal for DSM V. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 52–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Markey, P., Lowmaster, S., & Eichler, W. (2010). A real‐time assessment of interpersonal complementarity. Personal Relationships, 1, 13–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1989). The structure of interpersonal traits: Wiggins’s circumplex and the five-factor model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 586–595.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moskowitz, D. S., Ringo Ho, M.-H., & Turcotte-Tremblay, A. (2007). Contextual influences on interpersonal complementarity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1051–1063.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moskowitz, D. S., Zuroff, D. C., aan het Rot, M., & Young, S. N. (2011). Tryptophan and interpersonal spin. Journal of Research in Personality, 45, 692–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newman, M. G., Jacobson, N. C., Erickson, T. M., & Fisher, A. J. (2017). Interpersonal problems predict differential response to cognitive versus behavioral treatment in a randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy, 48, 56–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nilsen, E. S., Lizdek, I., & Ethier, N. (2015). Mother–child interpersonal dynamics: The influence of maternal and child ADHD symptoms. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 6, 313–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pincus, A. L. (1994). The interpersonal circumplex and the interpersonal theory: Perspectives on personality and its pathology. In Strack, S. & Lorr, M. (Eds.), Differentiating Normal and Abnormal Personality (pp. 114–136). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L. (2005). A contemporary integrative interpersonal theory of personality disorders. In Clarkin, J. & Lenzenweger, M. (Eds.), Major Theories of Personality Disorder (2nd ed., pp. 282–331). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L. (2010). Interpersonal theory of personality. In Weiner, I. B. & Craighead, W. E. (Eds.), The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology (4th ed., pp. 1213–1215). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Ansell, E. B. (2013). Interpersonal theory of personality. In Suls, J. & Tennen, H. (Eds.), Handbook of Psychology, Volume 5: Personality and Social Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 141–159). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Cain, N. M. (2008). Interpersonal psychotherapy. In Richard, D. C. S. & Huprich, S. K. (Eds.), Clinical Psychology: Assessment, Treatment, & Research (pp. 213–245). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Hopwood, C. J., & Wright, A. G. C. (2017). The interpersonal situation: An integrative framework for the study of personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy. In Funder, D., Rauthmann, J. F., & Sherman, R. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Psychological Situations. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Lukowitsky, M. R., & Wright, A. G. C. (2010). The interpersonal nexus of personality and psychopathology. In Millon, T., Krueger, R. F., & Simonsen, E. (Eds.), Contemporary Directions in Psychopathology: Scientific Foundations of the DSM-5 and ICD-11 (pp. 523–552). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Roche, M. J. (2019). Paradigms of personality assessment and level of personality functioning in Criterion A of the AMPD. In Hopwood, C. J., Mulay, A. L., & Waugh, M. (Eds.), The DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders: Integrating Multiple Paradigms of Personality Assessment (pp. 48–59). Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Sadler, P., Woody, E., Roche, M. J., Thomas, K. M., & Wright, A. G. C. (2014). Assessing interpersonal dynamics. In Hopwood, C. J. & Bornstein, R. F. (Eds.), Multimethod Clinical Assessment (pp. 51–91). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Wiggins, J. S. (1990). Interpersonal problems and conceptions of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 4, 342–352.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Wright, A. G. C. (2011). Interpersonal diagnosis of psychopathology. In Horowitz, L. M. & Strack, S. (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment, and Therapeutic Interventions (pp. 359–381). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Przeworski, A., Newman, M. G., Pincus, A. L., Kasoff, M. B., Yamasaki, A. S., Castonguay, L. G., & Berlin, K. S. (2011). Interpersonal pathoplasticity in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 286–298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Conroy, D. E., Hyde, A. L., & Ram, N. (2013). Pathological narcissism and interpersonal behavior in daily life. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 315–323.Google Scholar
Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Hyde, A. L., Conroy, D. E., & Ram, N. (2013). Within-person covariation of agentic and communal perceptions: Implications for interpersonal theory and assessment. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 445–452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Rebar, A. L., Conroy, D. E., & Ram, N. (2014). Enriching psychological assessment using a person-specific analysis of interpersonal processes in daily life. Assessment, 21, 515–528.Google Scholar
Sadikaj, G., Moskowitz, D. S., Russell, J. J., Zuroff, D. C., & Paris, J. (2013). Quarrelsome behavior in borderline personality disorder: Influence of behavioral and affective reactivity to perceptions of others. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 195–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sadikaj, G., Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. C. (in press). What’s interpersonal in interpersonal perception? The role of target’s attachment in the accuracy of perception. Journal of Personality.Google Scholar
Sadikaj, G., Russell, J. J., Moskowitz, D. S., & Paris, J. (2010). Affect dysregulation in individuals with borderline personality disorder: Persistence and interpersonal triggers. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 490–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sadler, P., Ethier, N., Gunn, G. R., Duong, D., & Woody, E. (2009). Are we on the same wavelength? Interpersonal complementarity as shared cyclical patterns during interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 1005–1020.Google Scholar
Safran, J. D. (1990a). Towards a refinement in cognitive therapy in light of interpersonal theory: I. Theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 87–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Safran, J. D. (1990b). Towards a refinement of cognitive therapy in light of interpersonal theory: II. Practice. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 107–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salzer, S., Pincus, A. L., Hoyer, J., Kreische, R., Leichsenring, F., & Leibling, E. (2008). Interpersonal subtypes within generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90, 292–299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salzer, S., Pincus, A. L., Winkelbach, C., Leichsenring, F., & Leibing, E. (2011). Interpersonal subtypes and change of interpersonal problems in the treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot study. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, & Training, 48, 304–310.Google Scholar
Salzer, S., Streeck, U., Jaeger, U., Masuhr, O., Warwas, J., Leichsenring, F., … Leibing, E. (2013). Patterns of interpersonal problems in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201, 94–98.Google Scholar
Simon, S., Cain, N. M., Samstag, L. W., Meehan, K. B., & Muran, J. C. (2015). Assessing interpersonal subtypes in depression. Journal of Personality Assessment, 97, 364–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, T. W., & Cundiff, J. M. (2011). An interpersonal perspective on risk for coronary heart disease. In Horowitz, L. M. & Strack, S. (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment, and Therapeutic Interventions (pp. 471–490). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Soldz, S., Budman, S., Demby, A., & Merry, J. (1995). A short form of the inventory of interpersonal problems circumplex scales. Assessment, 2, 53–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strack, S., & Horowitz, L. M. (2011). Introduction. In Horowitz, L. M. & Strack, S. (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment, and Therapeutic Interventions (pp. 1–13). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1953a). Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1953b). The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1954). The Psychiatric Interview. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1956). Clinical Studies in Psychiatry. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1962). Schizophrenia as a Human Process. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1964). The Fusion of Psychiatry and Social Science. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Thomas, K. M., Hopwood, C. J., Donnellan, M. B., Wright, A. G., Sanislow, C. A., McDevitt-Murphy, M. E., … Morey, L. C. (2014). Personality heterogeneity in PTSD: Distinct temperament and interpersonal typologies. Psychological Assessment, 26, 23–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, K. M., Hopwood, C. J., Woody, E., Ethier, N., & Sadler, P. (2014). Interpersonal processes in psychotherapy: A reanalysis of the Gloria Films. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61, 1–14.Google Scholar
Tracey, T. J. (1997). RANDALL: A Microsoft FORTRAN program for a randomization test of hypothesized order relations. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 57, 164–168.Google Scholar
Wang, S., Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Conroy, D. E., Rebar, A. L., & Ram, N. (2014). Interpersonal dependency and emotion in everyday life. Journal of Research in Personality, 53, 5–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiggins, J. S. (1991). Agency and communion as conceptual coordinates for the understanding and measurement of interpersonal behavior. In Cicchetti, D. & Grove, W. M. (Eds.), Thinking Clearly about Psychology: Essays in Honor of Paul E. Meehl, Volume 2: Personality and Psychopathology (pp. 89–113). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Wiggins, J. S. (1996). An informal history of the interpersonal circumplex tradition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66, 217–233.Google Scholar
Wiggins, J. S. (2003). Paradigms of Personality Assessment. New York: Guilford Press.Google ScholarPubMed
Wiggins, J. S., Trapnell, P., & Phillips, N. (1988). Psychometric and geometric characteristics of the revised interpersonal adjective scales (IAS-R). Multivariate Behavioral Research, 23, 517–530.Google Scholar
Williams, T. F., & Simms, L. J. (2016). Personality disorder models and their coverage of interpersonal problems. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7, 15–27.Google Scholar
Wilson, S., Revelle, W., Stroud, C. B., & Durbin, C. E. (2013). A confirmatory bifactor analysis of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems: Circumplex and associations of interpersonal traits across multiple relationship contexts and measures. Psychological Assessment, 25, 353–365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, S., Stroud, C. B., & Durbin, C. E. (2017). Interpersonal dysfunction in personality disorders: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 143, 677–734.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wright, A. G. C., Hallquist, M. N., Morse, J. Q., Scott, L. N., Stepp, S. D., Nolf, K. A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2013). Clarifying interpersonal heterogeneity in borderline personality disorder using latent mixture modeling. Journal of Personality Disorder, 27, 125–143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wright, A. G. C., Pincus, A. L., Conroy, D. E., & Hilsenroth, M. J. (2009). Integrating methods to optimize circumplex description and comparison of groups. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91, 311–322.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G., Pincus, A. L., Hopwood, C. J., Thomas, K. M., Markon, K. E., & Krueger, R. F. (2012). An interpersonal analysis of pathological personality traits in DSM-5. Assessment, 19, 263–275.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G., Stepp, S. D., Scott, L., Hallquist, M., Beeney, J. E., Lazarus, S. A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2017). The effect of pathological narcissism on interpersonal and affective processes in social interactions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 898–910.Google Scholar
Zilcha-Mano, S., McCarthy, K. S., Dinger, U., Chambless, D. L., Milrod, B. L., Kunik, L., & Barber, J. P. (2015). Are there subtypes of panic disorder? An interpersonal perspective. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83, 938–950.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, J., & Wright, A. G. (2017). Beyond description in interpersonal construct validation: Methodological advances in the circumplex structural summary approach. Assessment, 24, 3–23.Google Scholar
Zuroff, D. C., Moskowitz, D. S., & Côté, S. (1999). Dependency, self-criticism, interpersonal behavior, and affect: Evolutionary perspectives. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 231–250.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×