Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T20:30:43.173Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

19 - Population-Based Interventions to Reduce the Stigma of Mental Illness

from Part IV - Reducing Stigma to Promote Mental Health

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2022

David L. Vogel
Affiliation:
Iowa State University
Nathaniel G. Wade
Affiliation:
Iowa State University
Get access

Summary

The case for population-level approaches to reduce the stigma associated with mental illness is based on the need for cultural change, whether the culture is within organizations, communities, or families. As such, stigma is a multi-level phenomenon requiring intervention at these many levels. In this chapter we present the case for stigma reduction efforts at the population level; present some considerations for such efforts in terms of methods and content; and describe some recent population-level anti-stigma programs, with results of evaluation where available.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersen, R. (2007). A century of media, a century of war. Choice Reviews Online, 44(11). https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.44-6063Google Scholar
Andrade, L. H., Alonso, J., Mneimneh, Z., et al. (2014). Barriers to mental health treatment: Results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys. Psychological Medicine, 44(6). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713001943Google Scholar
Bala, M., Strzeszynski, L., & Cahill, K. (2008). Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004704.pub2Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. Media Psychology, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0303_03CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bargh, J. A., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (1994). Environmental control of goal-directed action: Automatic and strategic contingencies between situations and behavior. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 41.Google Scholar
Betton, V., Borschmann, R., Docherty, M., et al. (2015). The role of social media in reducing stigma and discrimination. British Journal of Psychiatry, 206(6). https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.152835Google Scholar
Bradbury, A. (2020). Mental health stigma: The impact of age and gender on attitudes. Community Mental Health Journal, 56(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00559-xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brinn, M. P., Carson, K. V, Esterman, A. J., Chang, A., & Smith, B. J. (2010). Mass media interventions for preventing smoking in young people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd001006.pub2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, S.-P., Sargent, E., & Stuart, H. (2018). Effectiveness of school-based interventions on mental health stigmatization. In Leschied, A. W., Saklofske, D. H., & Flett, G. L. (Eds.), Handbook of School-Based Mental Health Promotion (pp. 201212). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89842-Google Scholar
Clement, S., Jarrett, M., Henderson, C., & Thornicroft, G. (2010). Messages to use in population-level campaigns to reduce mental health-related stigma: Consensus development study. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale, 19(1), 72–79.Google Scholar
Clement, S., Lassman, F., Barley, E., et al. (2013). Mass media interventions for reducing mental health-related stigma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009453.pub2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corker, E., Hamilton, S., Robinson, E., et al. (2016). Viewpoint survey of mental health service users’ experiences of discrimination in England 2008–2014. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 134. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12610Google Scholar
Corrigan, P., & Gelb, B. (2006). Three programs that use mass approaches to challenge the stigma of mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 57(3). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.57.3.393CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corrigan, P. W., Morris, S. B., Michaels, P. J., Rafacz, J. D., & Rüsch, N. (2012). Challenging the public stigma of mental illness: A meta-analysis of outcome studies. Psychiatric Services, 63(10). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201100529Google Scholar
Corrigan, P. W., & Shapiro, J. R. (2010). Measuring the impact of programs that challenge the public stigma of mental illness. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.06.004Google Scholar
Couture, S. M., & Penn, D. L. (2003). Interpersonal contact and the stigma of mental illness: A review of the literature. Journal of Mental Health, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/09638231000118276Google Scholar
Donovan, R., & Henley, N. (2010). Principles and Practice of Social Marketing: An International Perspective. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511761751CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dye, S., Johnston, A., & Pereira, S. (2005). The National Psychiatric Intensive Care Governance Network 2004–2005. Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742646406000161Google Scholar
Evans-Lacko, S., Brohan, E., Mojtabai, R., & Thornicroft, G. (2012a). Association between public views of mental illness and self-stigma among individuals with mental illness in 14 European countries. Psychological Medicine, 42(8). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711002558Google Scholar
Evans-Lacko, S., London, J., Japhet, S., et al. (2012b). Mass social contact interventions and their effect on mental health related stigma and intended discrimination. BMC Public Health, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-489Google Scholar
Ferrari, M., McIlwaine, S. V., Jordan, G., et al. (2019). Gaming with stigma: Analysis of messages about mental illnesses in video games. JMIR Mental Health, 6(5). https://doi.org/10.2196/12418CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friend, K., & Levy, D. T. (2002). Reductions in smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption associated with mass-media campaigns. Health Education Research, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/her/17.1.85Google Scholar
Glasgow-Anti Stigma Partnership. (2007). Mosaics of meaning. In The New Management Reader. Glasgow: NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde.Google Scholar
Goffman, E. (1974). Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New York: Jason Aronson. https://doi.org/10.2307/2575995Google Scholar
Hansson, L., & Markström, U. (2014). The effectiveness of an anti-stigma intervention in a basic police officer training programme: A controlled study. BMC Psychiatry, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-55CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansson, L., Stjernswärd, S., & Svensson, B. (2016). Changes in attitudes, intended behaviour, and mental health literacy in the Swedish population 2009–2014: An evaluation of a national antistigma programme. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 134(Suppl 446), 7179. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12609. PMID: 27426648.Google Scholar
Henderson, C., Brohan, E., Clement, S., et al. (2013). Decision aid on disclosure of mental health status to an employer: Feasibility and outcomes of a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 203(5). https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.128470Google Scholar
Henderson, C., Potts, L., & Robinson, E. J. (2020). Mental illness stigma after a decade of Time to Change England: Inequalities as targets for further improvement. European Journal of Public Health, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henderson, C., Robinson, E., Evans-Lacko, S., et al. (2016). Public knowledge, attitudes, social distance and reported contact regarding people with mental illness 2009–2015. 134. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12607Google Scholar
Henderson, C., Stuart, H., & Hansson, L. (2016). Lessons from the results of three national antistigma programmes. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 134(Suppl 446), 35. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12605Google Scholar
Henderson, C., & Thornicroft, G. (2009). Stigma and discrimination in mental illness: Time to Change. The Lancet, 373(9679). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61046-1Google Scholar
Hickie, I. (2004). Can we reduce the burden of depression? The Australian experience with Beyondblue: The national depression initiative. Australasian Psychiatry, 12(Suppl), S38–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1039-8562.2004.02097.x. PMID: 15715829Google Scholar
Hill, R. J., Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1977). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Contemporary Sociology, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.2307/2065853Google Scholar
Kessler, R. C., Amminger, G. P., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., et al. (2007). Age of onset of mental disorders: A review of recent literature. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32816ebc8cCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knaak, S., & Patten, S. (2016). A grounded theory model for reducing stigma in health professionals in Canada. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 134. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12612Google Scholar
Koller, M., & Stuart, H. (2016). Reducing stigma in high school youth. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 134. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12613Google Scholar
Kumagai, A. K. (2008). A conceptual framework for the use of illness narratives in medical education. Academic Medicine, 83(7). https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181782e17Google Scholar
Lasalvia, A., Zoppei, S., Van Bortel, T., et al. (2013). Global pattern of experienced and anticipated discrimination reported by people with major depressive disorder: A cross-sectional survey. The Lancet, 381(9860). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61379-8Google ScholarPubMed
Lauber, C. (2008). Stigma and discrimination against people with mental illness: A critical appraisal. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x0000261xGoogle Scholar
Lee, S., Tsang, A., Breslau, J., et al. (2009). Mental disorders and termination of education in high-income and low and middle-income countries: Epidemiological study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194(5). https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.054841Google Scholar
Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 363385. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363Google Scholar
Littlewood, R. (2001). From psychiatric patient to citizen: Overcoming discrimination and social exclusion. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 182.Google Scholar
Liu, N. H., Daumit, G. L., Dua, T., et al. (2017). Excess mortality in persons with severe mental disorders: A multilevel intervention framework and priorities for clinical practice, policy and research agendas. World Psychiatry, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20384CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maniglio, R. (2009). Severe mental illness and criminal victimization: A systematic review. In Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 119(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01300.xGoogle Scholar
Marcus, B. H., Owen, N., Forsyth, L. H., Cavill, N. A., & Fridinger, F. (1998). Physical activity interventions using mass media, print media, and information technology. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00079-8Google Scholar
McGorry, P. D., Purcell, R., Goldstone, S., & Amminger, G. P. (2011). Age of onset and timing of treatment for mental and substance use disorders: Implications for preventive intervention strategies and models of care. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283477a09Google Scholar
Mehta, N., Kassam, A., Lees, M., Butler, G., & Thornicroft, G. (2009). Public attitudes towards people with mental illness in England and Scotland, 1994–2003. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194(3), 278284. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.052654. PMID: 19252160.Google Scholar
Morgan, A., & Jorm, A. (2007). Awareness of Beyondblue: The national depression initiative in Australian young people. Australasian Psychiatry, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/10398560701323976CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, A., Smits, D., Claes, L., et al. (2016). Validation of the German version of the Perceived Stigmatization Questionnaire/Social Comfort Questionnaire in adult burn survivors. Burns, 42(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.01.001Google Scholar
Noar, S. M. (2006). A 10-year retrospective of research in health mass media campaigns: Where do we go from here? Journal of Health Communication, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730500461059Google Scholar
Petersen, I., Evans-Lacko, S., Semrau, M., et al. (2016). Population and community platform interventions. In Disease Control Priorities (3rd ed., pp. 183200). Volume 4: Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders. Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0426-7_ch10Google Scholar
Potts, L. C., & Henderson, C. (2021). Evaluation of anti-stigma social marketing campaigns in Ghana and Kenya: Time to Change Global. BMC Public Health, 21, 886. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10966-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1986). Toward a comprehensive model of change. In Miller, W. R. & Heather, N. (Eds.), Treating Addictive Behaviors: Processes of Change (pp. 327). Plenum. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2191-0_1Google Scholar
Rao, D., Elshafei, A., Nguyen, M., et al. (2019). A systematic review of multi-level stigma interventions: State of the science and future directions. In BMC Medicine, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-018-1244-yCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenstock, I. M. (1990). The health belief model: Explaining health behavior through expectancies. In Glanz, K., Lewis, F. M., & Rimer, B. K. (Eds.), Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice (pp. 3962. Jossey-Bass/Wiley.Google Scholar
Rüsch, N., Corrigan, P. W., Heekeren, K., et al. (2014). Well-being among persons at risk of psychosis: The role of self-labeling, shame, and stigma stress. Psychiatric Services, 65(4). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300169CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rüsch, N., Corrigan, P. W., Todd, A. R., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2011). Automatic stereotyping against people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective and affective disorders. Psychiatry Research, 186(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.08.024CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sampogna, G., Bakolis, I., Evans-Lacko, S., et al. (2017a). The impact of social marketing campaigns on reducing mental health stigma: Results from the 2009–2014 Time to Change programme. European Psychiatry, 40, 116122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.08.008. PMID: 27997875.Google Scholar
Sampogna, G., Bakolis, I., Robinson, E., et al. (2017b). Experience of the Time to Change programme in England as predictor of mental health service users’ stigma coping strategies. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 26(5), 517525. https://doi.org/10.1017/S204579601600041X. Epub 2016 Jul 28. PMID: 27466083; PMCID: PMC6998878. Google Scholar
Sampogna, G., Gehlen, L., Giallonardo, V., et al. (2020). Mental health service users’ responses to anticipated discrimination and the Time to Change program in England. European Psychiatry, 64(1), e5. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.114. PMID: 33342457.Google Scholar
Sartorius, N., & Schulze, H. (2005). Reducing the stigma of mental illness: A report from a Global Programme of the World Psychiatric Association. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 16(1), 3839. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544255Google Scholar
Schmid, K., Hewstone, M., Tausch, N., Cairns, E., & Hughes, J. (2009). Antecedents and consequences of social identity complexity: Intergroup contact, distinctiveness threat, and outgroup attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(8). https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167209337037CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schomerus, G., Angermeyer, M. C., Baumeister, S. E., et al. (2016). An online intervention using information on the mental health-mental illness continuum to reduce stigma. European Psychiatry, 32, 2127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.11.006Google Scholar
Schomerus, G., Matschinger, H., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2013). Continuum beliefs and stigmatizing attitudes towards persons with schizophrenia, depression and alcohol dependence. Psychiatry Research, 209(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.02.006Google Scholar
Shefer, G., Henderson, C., Frost-Gaskin, M., & Pacitti, R. (2016). Only making things worse: A qualitative study of the impact of wrongly removing disability benefits from people with mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal, 52(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-016-0012-8Google Scholar
Social Exclusion Unit. (2004). Mental health and social exclusion. Social Exclusion Unit Report. London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister.Google Scholar
Speerforck, S., Stolzenburg, S., Hertel, J., et al. (2019). ADHD, stigma and continuum beliefs: A population survey on public attitudes towards children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Research, 282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112570CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thornicroft, G., Mehta, N., Clement, S., et al. (2016). Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination. The Lancet, 387(10023). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00298-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wakefield, M. A., Loken, B., & Hornik, R. C. (2010). Use of mass media campaigns to change health behaviour. The Lancet, 376(9748) 1261–1271.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×