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8 - Cognitive Apprenticeship

from Part I - Foundations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2022

By
Allan Collins  and
Manu Kapur
Edited by
R. Keith Sawyer
R. Keith Sawyer
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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Summary

This chapter reviews how people learn during apprenticeships, ways of guiding beginners while they engage in authentic situated activity with more experienced people. Apprenticeship practices are found throughout the world both in cultures with formal schooling and in those without. Traditional apprenticeship practices tend to focus on physical and visible activities, but most schooling is directed toward conceptual learning outcomes which are usually not physical and visible – like formulas in mathematics or theories in physics. This chapter extends apprenticeship research to cognitive apprenticeship, and describes apprenticeships that are designed to lead to abstract or conceptual knowledge. These involve scaffolding, metacognitive reflection, problem-based learning, and situated social practices. Effective apprenticeship often involves productive failure, when learners initially develop potential solutions that are wrong but that can be productively guided toward conceptually correct answers.

Keywords

apprenticeshipsituated learningcommunity of practicemodelingguided participationproductive failure
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences , pp. 156 - 174
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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