Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2008
Africa is truly Mediterranean only along its northern coastal fringe. This is broader in the west, in the Maghrib (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia), than in the east in Libya, for here the desert reaches practically to the shoreline, the only exception being in Cyrenaica where certain characteristics of the Maghribian tell country reappear in modified form. The hinterland of the Gulf of Gabès (Petite Syrte) is desertic and, although it was never a complete barrier, it nonetheless forms an ecotone which has shown itself to be of considerable stability for thousands of years. To the west of this Herodotus placed the sedentary Libyans and contrasted these with the nomadic Libyans whom he described as living between the Nile and Lake Triton, to be identified with the great chotts (an Arabic word meaning grazing land) in the south of what is now Tunisia (Camps 1961a, Gsell 1914–28).
The countries of the Maghrib are the only ones in Africa that show a truly youthful topography, for the mountains belong within the Alpine system of orogenesis or mountain building. These structural features, together with their northerly latitude, explain why these countries appear to be more characteristically Mediterranean than their eastern neighbours. However, as soon as the traveller moves into the interior this illusion is quickly dispelled: the almost European-like countryside of the coast with its wild and cultivated species of Mediterranean plants and the forests of the Atlas tell give place to open country, now fully African in appearance, and thence to steppe and pre-desertic vegetation broken only occasionally by rare stands of trees in the Saharan Atlas.
To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.
To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.
To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.