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5 - Democritus

from THE BEGINNINGS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
C. C. W. Taylor
Edited by
Christopher Rowe  and
Malcolm Schofield
With
Simon Harrison  and
Melissa Lane
C. C. W. Taylor
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Christopher Rowe
Affiliation:
University of Durham
Malcolm Schofield
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Simon Harrison
Affiliation:
St John's College, Cambridge
Melissa Lane
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

Discussion of the ethical and political views of Democritus of Abdera (born c. 460 bc) cannot avoid preliminary consideration of our evidence for that area of his thought. In all other areas except ethics and epistemology we are virtually wholly dependent on doxographical evidence. When we come to ethics, by contrast, the doxography is meagre (see DK 68 a 166–70), but on the other hand we possess over two hundred purported quotations from Democritus on ethical topics. Yet far from giving us greater confidence in our judgments in this area, the problematic character of these quotations has the opposite effect. This is because the great majority of those quotations are contained in two collections, those of Stobaeus and the so-called ‘Sayings of Democrates’ (sic), where they are presented in isolation from any context and without attribution to any specific work. It is therefore necessary to undertake a brief consideration of the authenticity of this material before proceeding to discuss the content of Democritus’ ethical and political views.

Scepticism about the authenticity of the ethical fragments is grounded in two primary considerations, first the silence of Aristotle and Theophrastus on Democritus’ ethical writings and secondly the fact that our sources for the bulk of the fragments, the collections of Stobaeus and ‘Democrates’, cannot plausibly be thought to have been compiled from direct access to texts of Democritus. Stobaeus’ anthology is clearly based on earlier collections which included, besides excerpts from extant texts of authors such as Plato and the tragedians, anecdotes and maxims attributed to such famous figures as Pythagoras and Socrates, which cannot have had their origin in works written by their supposed authors.

Type
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The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought , pp. 122 - 129
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2000

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