Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Note on references
- Introduction
- 1 South Africa and South Africans: Nationality, Belonging, Citizenship
- 2 Imperialism, Settler Identities, and Colonial Capitalism: The Hundred-Year Origins of the 1899 South African War
- 3 Class, Culture, and Consciousness in South Africa, 1880–1899
- 4 War and Union, 1899–1910
- 5 South Africa: The Union Years, 1910–1948 – Political and Economic Foundations
- 6 South African Society and Culture, 1910–1948
- 7 The Apartheid Project, 1948–1970
- 8 Popular Responses to Apartheid: 1948–c. 1975
- 9 Resistance and Reform, 1973–1994
- 10 The Evolution of the South African Population in the Twentieth Century
- 11 The Economy and Poverty in the Twentieth Century
- 12 Modernity, Culture, and Nation
- 13 Environment, Heritage, Resistance, and Health: Newer Historiographical Directions
- Statistical Appendix
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
11 - The Economy and Poverty in the Twentieth Century
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 July 2011
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Note on references
- Introduction
- 1 South Africa and South Africans: Nationality, Belonging, Citizenship
- 2 Imperialism, Settler Identities, and Colonial Capitalism: The Hundred-Year Origins of the 1899 South African War
- 3 Class, Culture, and Consciousness in South Africa, 1880–1899
- 4 War and Union, 1899–1910
- 5 South Africa: The Union Years, 1910–1948 – Political and Economic Foundations
- 6 South African Society and Culture, 1910–1948
- 7 The Apartheid Project, 1948–1970
- 8 Popular Responses to Apartheid: 1948–c. 1975
- 9 Resistance and Reform, 1973–1994
- 10 The Evolution of the South African Population in the Twentieth Century
- 11 The Economy and Poverty in the Twentieth Century
- 12 Modernity, Culture, and Nation
- 13 Environment, Heritage, Resistance, and Health: Newer Historiographical Directions
- Statistical Appendix
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Summary
The South African economy experienced substantial growth and change over the twentieth century. By the time of Union in 1910, gold mining on the Witwatersrand had already and rapidly transformed what had been a peripheral agricultural economy into one that was industrialising around mineral exports. Gold attracted British capital and immigrants from Europe (as well as from across southern Africa), and made possible secondary industrialisation and four decades of sustained economic growth in the middle of the century. Between the early 1930s and early 1970s, the South African economy grew approximately tenfold in real terms. Even taking into account the steady increase in the population, real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita tripled (see Figure 11.1). Despite faltering growth in the 1980s, South Africa accounted for almost exactly one half of the total GDP of sub-Saharan Africa at the end of the apartheid period, in 1994.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge History of South Africa , pp. 518 - 572Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2011
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