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from Part I - The Nature of Warfare in the Napoleonic Era
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 December 2022
Siege warfare followed most of the practice established before, but a larger use of guns, the improvement of gunpowder and sometimes orders to fight to the last stand led to an escalation in violence. This was enhanced too by the growing involvement of civilians, especially in Spain, which gave a more exacerbated dimension to the fights
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