Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T06:29:28.157Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - Sexuality in the Systems of Thought and Belief of the Ancient Near East

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2024

Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
Mathew Kuefler
Affiliation:
San Diego State University
Get access

Summary

This chapter discusses social concepts, notions and assumptions that prevailed in the ancient Near East concerning human sexuality. Its introduction supplies chronological, geographical, and cultural definitions to explicate what is meant by the term ‘ancient Near East’, and expands on the sources of information used in the chapter, their contributions and limitations. The introduction also elaborates on the categories and aspects of human sexuality discussed in the chapter. Subsequently, the chapter is organized thematically. Each theme focuses on a specific category of sexuality, which is discussed according to the pertinent sources of information available to us, including legal, literary, cultic, and others. The categories surveyed in the chapter are: Sex and Reproduction, Sex and the Body, Gender Norms and Inequality, Sex and Marriage, Sex and Slavery, Sex and Politics, Sex and Religious and Cultic Practices, and Sex and Criminal Law. The chapter demonstrates how different textual genres reflect the role of sexuality in ancient Near Eastern societies: official law regulated sexual behaviour, literary texts echoed social norms, and cultic texts related to a variety of matters that involved human sexuality. The chapter highlights topics such as male privilege and gender inequality, social hierarchy, and cultural differentiation.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Further Reading

Ackerman, Susan. When Heroes Love: The Ambiguity of Eros in the Stories of Gilgamesh and David. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biggs, Robert D. ŠÀ.ZI.GA: Ancient Mesopotamian Potency Incantations. New York: J. J. Augustin, 1967.Google Scholar
Bolger, Diane, ed. Gender through Time in the Ancient Near East. Lanham, MD: AltaMira, 2008.Google Scholar
Budin, Stephanie Lynn. Fertility and Gender in the Ancient Near East. New York: Routledge, 2014.Google Scholar
Budin, Stephanie Lynn. The Myth of Sacred Prostitution in Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budin, Stephanie Lynn, and Turfa, Jean MacIntosh, eds. Women in Antiquity: Real Women across the Ancient World. New York: Routledge, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budin, Stephanie Lynn, Cifarelli, Megan, Garcia-Ventura, Agnès, and Millet Albà, Adelina, eds. Gender and Methodology in the Ancient Near East: Approaches from Assyriology and Beyond. Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, 2018.Google Scholar
Chavalas, Mark, ed. Women in the Ancient Near East: A Sourcebook. New York: Routledge, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graef, Katrien de, Garcia-Ventura, Agnès, Goddeeris, Annes, and Alpert Nakhai, Beth, eds. The Mummy under the Bed: Essays on Gender and Methodology in the Ancient Near East. Münster: Zaphon, 2022.Google Scholar
Harris, Rivkah. ‘The Organization and Administration of the Cloister in Ancient Babylonia’. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 6, no. 2 (1963): 121–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henshaw, Richard A. Female and Male: The Cultic Personnel; The Bible and the Rest of the Ancient Near East. Allison Park, PA: Pickwick, 1994.Google Scholar
Lafont, Sophie. Femmes, Droit et Justice dans l’Antiquité orientale: Contribution à l’étude du droit pénal au Proche-Orient ancien. Fribourg: Éditions Universitaires, 1999.Google Scholar
Leick, Gwendolyn. Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature. New York: Routledge, 1994.Google Scholar
Lion, Brigitte, and Michele, Cécile, eds. The Role of Women in Work and Society in the Ancient Near East. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipka, Hilary, and Wells, Bruce, eds. Sexuality and Law in the Torah. London: T. & T. Clark, 2020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marsman, Hennie J. Women in Ugarit and Israel: Their Social and Religious Position in the Context of the Ancient Near East. Leiden: Brill, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, Victor H., Levinson, Bernard M., and Frymer-Kensky, Tikva, eds. Gender and Law in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Nissinen, Martti. Homoeroticism in the Biblical World: A Historical Perspective. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1998.Google Scholar
Parpola, Simo, and Whiting, Robert M., eds. Sex and Gender in the Ancient Near East. Helsinki: University of Helsinki Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Peled, Ilan. ‘Contempt and Similar Emotions in Akkadian and Hittite Literary Texts’. In Handbook of Emotions in the Ancient Near East, ed. Sonik, K. and Steinert, U., 597613. London: Routledge, 2022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peled, Ilan. ‘Gender and Sex Crimes in the Ancient Near East: Law and Custom’. In Structures of Power: Law and Gender across the Ancient Near East and Beyond, ed. Peled, I., 2740. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Peled, Ilan. Law and Gender in the Ancient Near East and the Hebrew Bible. London: Routledge, 2020.Google Scholar
Peled, Ilan. Masculinities and Third Gender: The Origins and Nature of an Institutionalized Gender Otherness in the Ancient Near East. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2016.Google Scholar
Stol, Marten. Birth in Babylonia and the Bible: Its Mediterranean Setting. Groningen: Styx, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stol, Marten. Women in the Ancient Near East. Trans. Helen and Mervyn Richardson. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uehlinger, Christoph. ‘Nackte Göttin. B. In der Bildkunst’. In Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie, Vol. 9, ed. Edzard, D. O., Krebernik, M., Postgate, J. N., Röllig, W. et al., 5364. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1998.Google Scholar
Westbrook, Raymond, ed. A History of Ancient Near Eastern Law. Leiden: Brill, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiggermann, Franz. A. M., ‘Sexualität (Sexuality). A. In Mesopotamien’. In Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie, Vol. 12, ed. Streck, M. P., Frantz-Szabó, G., Krebernik, M., Morandi Bonacossi, D. et al., 410–26. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×