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12 - The Mediterranean

from Part II - Trans-regional and regional perspectives

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2015

By
Craig Benjamin  and
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
Edited by
Craig Benjamin
Craig Benjamin
Affiliation:
Grand Valley State University, Michigan
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Summary

The name Mediterranean is derived from Latin and means 'in the middle of the earth', a reference to the fact either that it is almost entirely surrounded by land or that it was deemed to be at the center of the known world by ancient West Afro-Eurasian societies. The fall of the Western Roman Empire shapes the way in which Western history is periodized, as it marks the end of the classical era. The cultural influence of the Assyrians and Egyptians, particularly the Hebrews, Phoenicians, Minoans, and Mycenaeans, who occupied the coasts and islands of the Eastern Mediterranean, was substantial. Within both large political structures, such as the Hellenistic and Roman empires, and smaller cultures and states that did not evolve into large-scale empires, such as those of the Hebrews, Phoenicians, Minoans, and Mycenaeans, expansion invariably led to the emergence of more complex social structures, which explicitly situated various groups, including women and slaves, into more sharply delineated hierarchical structures.

Keywords

chattel slaveryagricultural productionAfrican societiesstate powerracismslave-tradersRoman empire
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge World History , pp. 325 - 349
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

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References

Further Reading

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