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Chapter 108 - Causes of non-convulsive status epilepticus in adults

from Section 5 - Status epilepticus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2012

By
Pierre Thomas
Edited by
Simon D. Shorvon ,
Frederick Andermann  and
Renzo Guerrini
Simon D. Shorvon
Affiliation:
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London
Frederick Andermann
Affiliation:
Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute
Renzo Guerrini
Affiliation:
Child Neurology Unit, Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence
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Summary

Non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is characterized by episodes of altered consciousness of variable length and intensity that are directely related to continuous or recurrent epileptic activity. Non-specific precipitating factors for absence status (AS) in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) patients are similar to those found in other seizure types: withdrawal or impaired compliance of appropriate antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), alcohol, stress, grief, fatigue, sleep deprivation, and disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle. Episodes of complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE) are rare in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, perhaps because chronic AED treatment, despite its limitations to control all seizures in this syndrome, prevents the evolution into status epilepticus. In a retrospective assessment of acute morbidity and mortality in NCSE, mortality rates were much higher in patients with an acute medical etiology (27%) compared to the epilepsy (3%) and the cryptogenic (18%) groups.

Keywords

attention deficit hyperactivity disorderautistic spectrum disordersdepressionpsychotropic medicationseizuresmarijuanaopioidsstimulantsstressTourette syndrome
Type
Chapter
Information
The Causes of Epilepsy
Common and Uncommon Causes in Adults and Children
 , pp. 752 - 758
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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