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22 - The chimpanzees of the Taï Forest as models for hominine microorganism ecology and evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2019

By
Jan F. Gogarten ,
Grit Schubert ,
Fabian Leendertz  and
Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer
Edited by
Christophe Boesch  and
Roman Wittig
Edited in association with
Catherine Crockford ,
Linda Vigilant ,
Tobias Deschner  and
Fabian Leendertz
Christophe Boesch
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
Roman Wittig
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
Catherine Crockford
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
Linda Vigilant
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
Tobias Deschner
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
Fabian Leendertz
Affiliation:
Robert Koch-Institut, Germany
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Summary

Microbial communities impact a variety of processes including a host’s ability to access nutrients and maintain health, but can also include pathogens with a detrimental impact. Since the spread of anatomically modern humans across the planet, we have drastically changed the way we live (e.g. agriculture, antibiotic usage). These changes presumably affected our microbial communities. To examine the microbial communities of our ancestors, researchers use two approaches: first, the study of present-day hunter-gatherer societies, suggesting modern humans lost much of their microbial diversity; second, comparative analyses of our closest relatives in their natural environment. We review studies of the microorganisms in the chimpanzees of Taï National Park (particularly bacteria and retroviruses). We discuss how microorganisms are transmitted between chimpanzees, which microorganisms coevolved with their hosts and which were transmitted between chimpanzees and their prey. We examine how the close evolutionary relationship of primates and humans facilitates the zoonotic transmission of microorganisms and how disease ecology informs assessments of human disease risk.

Keywords

MicrobiomeHolobiontAnimal behaviourSocial networkDisease ecologyTaï National ParkTransmissionZoonotic diseaseBacteriaRetroviruses
Type
Chapter
Information
The Chimpanzees of the Taï Forest
40 Years of Research
 , pp. 366 - 384
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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