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30 - Ethical function of human subjects review boards: a US perspective

from 4 - Research and publication

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2012

By
Jeffrey H. Silverstein
Edited by
Gail A. Van Norman ,
Stephen Jackson ,
Stanley H. Rosenbaum  and
Susan K. Palmer
Gail A. Van Norman
Affiliation:
University of Washington
Stephen Jackson
Affiliation:
Good Samaritan Hospital, San Jose
Stanley H. Rosenbaum
Affiliation:
Yale University School of Medicine
Susan K. Palmer
Affiliation:
Oregon Anesthesiology Group
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Summary

Regulation of human subjects research has evolved in the wake of scandals involving mistreatment of human research subjects. In practice modern Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are responsible for assuring that investigators are in compliance with the regulations regarding human subjects research. One of the principal obligations of IRBs is the determination of the level of risk posed to a participant and assuring that the risks are both acceptable and minimized by appropriate research design risk. A frequent complaint leveled against current IRBs is the tendency to review the scientific design of a research proposal. Early declarations regarding the ethical treatment of human research subjects include the Nuremberg Code, and the WMA Declaration of Helsinki. The description of the Tuskeegee Experiment was a watershed event in the history of US human research ethics, leading to the publication of the Belmont report elaborating the ethical principles in treatment of human subjects research.

Keywords

autonomydead donor ruledying patientorgan donorsresuscitationorgan donation after cardiac deathend-of-life careethical issues
Type
Chapter
Information
Clinical Ethics in Anesthesiology
A Case-Based Textbook
 , pp. 180 - 184
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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