Chapter 21 - Post-operative critical care

Summary

The main aim of post-operative care is prevention, early identification and treatment of post-operative complications. This chapter discusses monitoring of vital parameters, post-operative analgesia, systemic pain relief, fluid balance, cardiovascular system, nutrition, orientation, and care of drains and wounds during the early post-operative period. In the late post-operative method, control of infection is done with appropriate antibiotics after culture and sensitivity if required. Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is important following major surgeries and orthopaedic surgery. Good physiotherapy support in the post-operative period for lungs and mobilization helps prevent many complications associated with major surgery. Prevention of pressure ulcers is a critical part of postoperative management. The patient has to be turned frequently in the bed to prevent the pressure ulcers. Central to a good perioperative outcome is a multi-disciplinary approach to promote effective and early therapy.