6 - The political and economic costs of regime survival

Summary

The state has emerged almost universally in less developed countries as the key, paramount, and oftentimes sole functional unit for the satisfaction of the collective needs of society, namely: social order and stability, self-sustaining economic development, equity in the allocation of valued ends, social security of the population, and civil and political rights. At the same time, the state has become the primary and most often the sole allocator of economic and social values, the central institution of economic accumulation for individuals and groups, and the preeminent instrument of power. It is one of the central theses of this book that, under certain conditions, regime survival can become most intricately tied to these latter set of functions in ways which jeopardize realization of the former.

If it is to ensure its own survival, a regime might find itself with little choice but to allocate resources and to satisfy the accumulative demands of powerful individuals and groups in ways which render the realization of the collective needs of society highly unlikely. To deal effectively with the consequences of this, a regime might be forced to employ the state for coercion, control, and surveillance to contain the effects of social, political, and economic crisis and to prevent destabilizing anti-regime mobilization.

Collective needs can be sacrificed without jeopardizing regime survival. This is because of the contrasting role that the state plays for different sectors of society. For the masses, the reality of the state is its preponderant function as an allocator of economic and social values.