Appendix

Summary

Since the publications in which many of the inscriptions cited in Chapter 2 appear have limited circulation, translations of the relevant passages are provided below. Bibliographic references refer to the literature list at the end of Chapter 2.

A. Debt-Clearance Documents: Java and Luzon

1. Bulai. Java, 860 A.D. (De Casparis 1956, pp. 330–37; Sarkar 1971, no. xxi).

(1) … 2 kati 7 suwarṇa 8 māṣa of gold and 1 māṣa of silver in the safekeeping of the community council of Air Ha …. (6) … ḍapunta Anggada spoke of his desire to finish at once the matter of that gold …. (8) … the senior rakarayān declared ḍapunta Anggada the loser [in the court case]. (9) … that śuddhapātra written on copper plate ….

2. Kurungan/Wurutunggal. Java, 885 A.D. (Stutterheim 1940, pp. 29–32; Machi Suhadi and Soekarto 1986, no. 2.5.2).

(I.a.1) … At that time ḍang ācāryya Munīndra bought wet-rice land [of] the community council of Parhyangan in the apanage of Wurutunggal. Kurungan is the name of the wet-rice land [that is to] become benefice for the sacred offering place. The purchase price of it [was] 1 kati (768 grams) of silver. Gifts to the community council [were]: 3 dhāraṇa (115.2 grams) of silver; there was [also] the interest (panganak), [totalling] 7 dhāraṇa (268.8 grams of silver), [owed by] the community council on their debt (hutang), which was included as a gift, along with 1 goat worth 4 māṣa of silver. The total silver expended was 1 kati 10 dhāraṇa 4 māṣa. The aim of the [transaction involving the] silver was the repayment (panahur) of the debt of the community of Parhyangan …. (9) … Thus the householders [of Parhyangan] gave their wet-rice land [to the] benefice [created by] ḍang ācāryya Munīndra. Completely cleared and acquitted (huwus śuddha pariśuddha) [is their debt] ….