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15 - Day Fines in Croatia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 June 2021

By
Maja Munivrana Vajda
Edited by
Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko  and
Michael Faure
Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko
Affiliation:
Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
Michael Faure
Affiliation:
Universiteit Maastricht, Netherlands
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Summary

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the system of day fines in Croatia. Before explaining the current legal framework, it describes the historical role of the fine as a criminal punishment in Croatia and elucidates the reasons which in 1997 led to the switch from the system of fixed fines to day fines. This fundamental change sought not only to modernize fine as punishment, but also to address a sharply negative trend in the number of pronounced fines, which started in the early 1990s. Yet, the latter was not achieved as the share of fines in the overall percentage of criminal sanctions continued to decline. In 2011 an entirely new Criminal Code significantly amended the regulation of the fine, as systematically outlined in this chapter. One of the main goals of this reform was to avoid reliance of judges on the average daily income instead of determining the real income of the perpetrator – a legally-provided exception which quickly became a rule, thus negating the essence of the system of day fines. The 2011 legislative improvements, however, did not contribute to its increased use, leading to conclusion that the system of day fines has not yet become deep-rooted in Croatia.

Keywords

Croatiafixed finesday finescriminal offencesaverage daily incomedaily unitthe loss principlelegal transplants
Type
Chapter
Information
Day Fines in Europe
Assessing Income-Based Sanctions in Criminal Justice Systems
 , pp. 284 - 305
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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