Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Middle Childhood: Contexts of Development
- 2 The Significance of Middle Childhood Peer Competence for Work and Relationships in Early Adulthood
- 3 Aggression and Insecurity in Late Adolescent Romantic Relationships: Antecedents and Developmental Pathways
- 4 Middle Childhood Family-Contextual and Personal Factors as Predictors of Adult Outcomes
- 5 Genetic and Environmental Influences on Continuity and Change in Reading Achievement in the Colorado Adoption Project
- 6 Reciprocal Effects of Mothers' Depression and Children's Problem Behaviors from Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence
- 7 Middle Childhood Life Course Trajectories: Links Between Family Dysfunction and Children's Behavioral Development
- 8 The Contribution of Middle Childhood Contexts to Adolescent Achievement and Behavior
- 9 Educational Tracking Within and Between Schools: From First Grade Through Middle School and Beyond
- 10 School Environments and the Diverging Pathways of Students Living in Poverty
- 11 The Relations of Classroom Contexts in the Early Elementary Years to Children's Classroom and Social Behavior
- 12 Out-of-School Time Use During Middle Childhood in a Low-Income Sample: Do Combinations of Activities Affect Achievement and Behavior?
- 13 Low-Income Children's Activity Participation as a Predictor of Psychosocial and Academic Outcomes in Middle Childhood and Adolescence
- 14 Healthy Mind, Healthy Habits: The Influence of Activity Involvement in Middle Childhood
- 15 Media Effects in Middle Childhood
- 16 Continuity and Discontinuity in Middle Childhood: Implications for Adult Outcomes in the UK 1970 Birth Cohort
- 17 Mandatory Welfare-to-Work Programs and Preschool-Age Children: Do Impacts Persist into Middle Childhood?
- 18 Effects of Welfare and Employment Policies on Middle-Childhood School Performance: Do They Vary by Race/Ethnicity and, If So, Why?
- 19 Effects of a Family Poverty Intervention Program Last from Middle Childhood to Adolescence
- 20 Experiences in Middle Childhood and Children's Development: A Summary and Integration of Research
- Author Index
- Subject Index
- References
17 - Mandatory Welfare-to-Work Programs and Preschool-Age Children: Do Impacts Persist into Middle Childhood?
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 September 2009
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Middle Childhood: Contexts of Development
- 2 The Significance of Middle Childhood Peer Competence for Work and Relationships in Early Adulthood
- 3 Aggression and Insecurity in Late Adolescent Romantic Relationships: Antecedents and Developmental Pathways
- 4 Middle Childhood Family-Contextual and Personal Factors as Predictors of Adult Outcomes
- 5 Genetic and Environmental Influences on Continuity and Change in Reading Achievement in the Colorado Adoption Project
- 6 Reciprocal Effects of Mothers' Depression and Children's Problem Behaviors from Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence
- 7 Middle Childhood Life Course Trajectories: Links Between Family Dysfunction and Children's Behavioral Development
- 8 The Contribution of Middle Childhood Contexts to Adolescent Achievement and Behavior
- 9 Educational Tracking Within and Between Schools: From First Grade Through Middle School and Beyond
- 10 School Environments and the Diverging Pathways of Students Living in Poverty
- 11 The Relations of Classroom Contexts in the Early Elementary Years to Children's Classroom and Social Behavior
- 12 Out-of-School Time Use During Middle Childhood in a Low-Income Sample: Do Combinations of Activities Affect Achievement and Behavior?
- 13 Low-Income Children's Activity Participation as a Predictor of Psychosocial and Academic Outcomes in Middle Childhood and Adolescence
- 14 Healthy Mind, Healthy Habits: The Influence of Activity Involvement in Middle Childhood
- 15 Media Effects in Middle Childhood
- 16 Continuity and Discontinuity in Middle Childhood: Implications for Adult Outcomes in the UK 1970 Birth Cohort
- 17 Mandatory Welfare-to-Work Programs and Preschool-Age Children: Do Impacts Persist into Middle Childhood?
- 18 Effects of Welfare and Employment Policies on Middle-Childhood School Performance: Do They Vary by Race/Ethnicity and, If So, Why?
- 19 Effects of a Family Poverty Intervention Program Last from Middle Childhood to Adolescence
- 20 Experiences in Middle Childhood and Children's Development: A Summary and Integration of Research
- Author Index
- Subject Index
- References
Summary
During the 1990s, states experimented with various mandatory welfare-to-work strategies, culminating in the passage of the federal Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act in 1996. This law replaced the Family Support Act of 1988, which marked the first time in national policy that welfare recipients with children as young as 3 years old (or younger, at state option) were required to participate in work preparation activities through the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training (or JOBS) Program. As such, policy makers sought information on the impact of these mandatory programs not only on the economic well-being of families but also on the development and well-being of their children particularly, preschool-age children. Consequently, in designing the JOBS Evaluation (later renamed the National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies, or NEWWS), federal officials requested a “Child Outcomes Study” to examine short- and longer-term impacts of the JOBS Program on children of enrollees, with a focus on children who were 3 to 5 years old at study entry. The Child Outcomes Study (COS) was designed to assess the impacts of an experimental manipulation of a policy requirement (or mandate) and is a direct test of how changes in this policy context affect children as they move into middle childhood. After providing some background on the JOBS program, this chapter presents a theoretical rationale for why and how a program aimed at the economic well-being of adults may influence children, summarizes findings from the COS, and proposes a revised theoretical framework for investigating effects of welfare policies on children and families.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Developmental Contexts in Middle ChildhoodBridges to Adolescence and Adulthood, pp. 350 - 369Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2006
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