Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T00:43:13.535Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

1 - The New Testament

The First to the Early Second Century

from Part I - To 900 ce

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2024

Edward Kessler
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
HTML view is not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.

Summary

This chapter shows the Jewish context of the New Testament and discusses the implications of the fact that while these writings are primarily Jewish, they have become Christian scripture. The documents highlight continuities and discontinuities between Judaism and Christianity, including themes found throughout the Documentary History, such as covenant and the identity of the people of Israel.

Type
Chapter
Information
A Documentary History of Jewish–Christian Relations
From Antiquity to the Present Day
, pp. 17 - 64
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

References

Carleton Paget, James, Jews, Christians, and Jewish Christians in Antiquity (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chilton, Bruce, and Neusner, Jacob, Judaism in the New Testament: Practices and Beliefs (London: Routledge, 1995).Google Scholar
Donaldson, Terence L., Jews and Anti-Judaism in the New Testament: Decision Points and Divergent Interpretations (London: SPCK, 2010).Google Scholar
Fredriksen, Paula, When Christians Were Jews: The First Generation (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fredriksen, Paula, and Reinhartz, Adele (eds.), Jesus, Judaism, and Christian Anti-Judaism: Reading the New Testament after the Holocaust (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2002).Google Scholar
Gager, John G., The Origins of Anti-Semitism: Attitudes toward Judaism in Pagan and Christian Antiquity (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985).Google Scholar
Levine, Amy-Jill, The Misunderstood Jew: The Church and the Scandal of the Jewish Jesus (San Francisco: Harper, 2006).Google Scholar
Levine, Amy-Jill, and Brettler, Marc Zvi, The Bible with and without Jesus: How Jews and Christians Read the Same Stories Differently (San Francisco: Harper, 2020).Google Scholar
Levine, Amy-Jill, and Brettler, Marc Zvi (eds.), The Jewish Annotated New Testament, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Murray, Michele, Playing a Jewish Game: Gentile Christian Judaizing in the First and Second Centuries ce (Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Stendahl, Krister, Paul among Jews and Gentiles, and Other Essays (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1976).Google Scholar
Tomson, Peter J., and Schwarz, Joshua (eds.), Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries: How to Write Their History (Leiden: Brill, 2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vermes, Geza, Jesus and the World of Judaism (London: SCM, 1983).Google Scholar
Bockmuehl, Markus, ‘1 Thessalonians 2:14–16 and the Church in Jerusalem’, Tyndale Bulletin 52 (2001), 131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilliard, Frank D., ‘The Problem of the Antisemitic Comma between 1 Thessalonians 2.14 and 15’, New Testament Studies 35 (1989), 481502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, Birger A., ‘1 Thessalonians 2:13–16: A Deutero-Pauline Interpolation’, Harvard Theological Review 64 (1971), 7994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bachmann, Michael, Anti-Judaism in Galatians?, trans. Robert L. Brawley (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2008).Google Scholar
Elliott, Mark W., Hafemann, Scott J., Wright, N. T., and Frederick, John (eds.), Galatians and Christian Theology: Justification, the Gospel, and Ethics in Paul’s Letter (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2014).Google Scholar
Johnson Hodge, Caroline, If Sons, Then Heirs: A Study of Kinship and Ethnicity in the Letters of Paul (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, E. P., Paul, the Law, and the Jewish People (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983).Google Scholar
Boyarin, Daniel, A Radical Jew: Paul and the Politics of Identity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 86105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cover, Michael, Lifting the Veil: 2 Corinthians 3:7–18 in Light of Jewish Homiletic and Commentary Traditions (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2015).Google Scholar
Duff, Paul B., Moses in Corinth: The Apologetic Context of 2 Corinthians 3 (Leiden: Brill, 2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisch, Yael, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (Leiden: Brill, 2022).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barclay, John M. G., ‘Paul and Philo on Circumcision: Romans 2.25–9 in Social and Cultural Context’, New Testament Studies 44 (1998), 536–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Novenson, Matthew V., ‘The Self-Styled Jew of Romans 2 and the Actual Jews of Romans 9–11’, in Paul, Then and Now (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2022), 91117.Google Scholar
Stowers, Stanley K., A Rereading of Romans: Justice, Jews, and Gentiles (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), 159–75.Google Scholar
Thiessen, Matthew, ‘Paul’s Argument against Gentile Circumcision in Romans 2:17–29’, Novum Testamentum 56 (2014), 373–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fredriksen, Paula, Paul: The Pagans’ Apostle (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaston, Lloyd, ‘Israel’s Misstep in the Eyes of Paul’, in Paul and the Torah (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1987), 135–50.Google Scholar
Räisänen, Heikki, ‘Paul, God, and Israel: Romans 9–11 in Recent Research’, in Neusner, Jacob, Borgen, , , Peter, Frerichs, Ernest S., and Horsley, Richard (eds.), The Social World of Formative Christianity and Judaism (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1988), 178206.Google Scholar
Wagner, J. Ross, Heralds of the Good News: Isaiah and Paul in Concert in the Letter to the Romans (Leiden: Brill, 2002), 43118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stendahl, Krister, Final Account: Paul’s Letter to the Romans (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1995).Google Scholar
Still, Todd D. (ed.), God and Israel: Providence and Purpose in Romans 9–11 (Waco: Baylor University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Wagner, J. Ross, Heralds of the Good News: Isaiah and Paul in Concert in the Letter to the Romans (Leiden: Brill, 2002), 219305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilk, Florian, and Wagner, J. Ross (eds.), Between Gospel and Election: Explorations in the Interpretation of Romans 9–11 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2010).Google Scholar
Campbell, William S., ‘I Rate All Things as Loss: Paul’s Puzzling Accounting System’, in Unity and Diversity in Christ: Interpreting Paul in Context (Eugene: Cascade, 2013), 203–24.Google Scholar
Collman, Ryan D., ‘Beware the Dogs! The Phallic Epithet in Philippians 3.2’, New Testament Studies 67 (2021), 105–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munck, Johannes, Paul and the Salvation of Mankind (London: SCM, 1959).Google Scholar
Sanders, E. P., ‘Paul on the Law, His Opponents, and the Jewish People in Philippians 3 and 2 Corinthians 11’, in Richardson, Peter (ed.), Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity, vol. 1 (Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1986), 7590.Google Scholar
Bauckham, Richard, Driver, Daniel R., Hart, Trevor A., and MacDonald, Nathan (eds.), The Epistle to the Hebrews and Christian Theology (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009).Google Scholar
Docherty, Susan, The Use of the Old Testament in Hebrews (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klassen, William, ‘To the Hebrews or Against the Hebrews? Anti-Judaism in the Epistle to the Hebrews’, in Wilson, Stephen G. (ed.), Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity, vol. 2 (Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1986), 116.Google Scholar
Moffitt, David M., Reading Hebrews after Supersessionism (Eugene: Cascade, forthcoming).Google Scholar
Avemarie, Friedrich, ‘Jesus and Purity’, in Neues Testament und frührabbinisches Judentum (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2013), 407–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furstenberg, Yair, ‘Defilement Penetrating the Body: A New Understanding of Contamination in Mark 7:15’, New Testament Studies 54 (2008), 176200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thiessen, Matthew, Jesus and the Forces of Death (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2020).Google Scholar
Williams, Logan A., ‘The Stomach Purifies All Foods: Jesus’ Anatomical Argument in Mark 7:18–19’, New Testament Studies (2024).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kloppenborg, John S. The Tenants in the Vineyard (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2006).Google Scholar
Levine, Amy-Jill, ‘Matthew, Mark, and Luke: Good News or Bad?’, in Fredriksen, Paula, and Reinhartz, Adele (eds.), Jesus, Judaism, and Christian Anti-Judaism: Reading the New Testament after the Holocaust (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2002), 7798.Google Scholar
Levine, Amy-Jill, Short Stories by Jesus: The Enigmatic Parables of a Controversial Rabbi (San Francisco: HarperOne, 2014).Google Scholar
Thoma, Clemens, and Wyschogrod, Michael (eds.), Parable and Story in Judaism and Christianity (New York: Paulist, 1989).Google Scholar
Anderson, Charles P., ‘The Trial of Jesus as Jewish–Christian Polarization: Blasphemy and Polemic in Mark’s Gospel’, in Richardson, Peter (ed.), Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity, vol. 1 (Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1986), 107–26.Google Scholar
Boyarin, Daniel, The Jewish Gospels: The Story of the Jewish Christ (New York: New Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Juel, Donald, Messiah and Temple: The Trial of Jesus in the Gospel of Mark (Missoula: Scholars Press, 1977).Google Scholar
Marcus, Joel, ‘Mark 14:61: Are You the Messiah-Son-of-God?’, Novum Testamentum 31 (1989), 125–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winter, Paul, On the Trial of Jesus (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1961).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, Bernardo K., Royal Messianism and the Jerusalem Priesthood in the Gospel of Mark (London: T&T Clark, 2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahl, Nils A., ‘The Crucified Messiah’, in The Crucified Messiah, and Other Essays (Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1974), 1036.Google Scholar
Fredriksen, Paula, Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews (New York: Knopf, 1999).Google Scholar
Schäfer, Peter, Jesus in the Talmud (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Allison, Dale C., ‘The Configuration of the Sermon on the Mount and Its Meaning’, in Studies in Matthew (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2005), 173216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kampen, John, Matthew within Sectarian Judaism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019).Google Scholar
Runesson, Anders, and Gurtner, Daniel M. (eds.), Matthew within Judaism: Israel and the Nations in the First Gospel (Atlanta: SBL Press, 2020).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sigal, Phillip, The Halakhah of Jesus of Nazareth According to the Gospel of Matthew (Atlanta: SBL Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Clark, David, On Earth as in Heaven: The Lord’s Prayer from Jewish Prayer to Christian Ritual (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, David Bentley, ‘A Prayer for the Poor’, Church Life Journal (5 June 2018), https://churchlifejournal.nd.edu/articles/a-prayer-for-the-poor/.Google Scholar
Migliore, Daniel L. (ed.), The Lord’s Prayer: Perspectives for Reclaiming Christian Prayer (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993).Google Scholar
Petuchowski, Jakob K., and Brocke, Michael (eds.), The Lord’s Prayer and Jewish Liturgy (New York: Seabury, 1978).Google Scholar
Kampen, John, Matthew within Sectarian Judaism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019).Google Scholar
Runesson, Anders, Divine Wrath and Salvation in Matthew: The Narrative World of the First Gospel (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saldarini, Anthony, ‘Delegitimation of Leaders in Matthew 23’, Catholic Biblical Quarterly 54 (1992), 659–80.Google Scholar
Yarbro Collins, Adela, ‘Polemic against the Pharisees in Matthew 23’, in Sievers, Joseph, and Levine, Amy-Jill (eds.), The Pharisees (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2021), 148–69.Google Scholar
Boys, Mary C., Redeeming Our Sacred Story: The Death of Jesus and Relations between Jews and Christians (New York: Paulist Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Buck, Erwin, ‘Anti-Judaic Sentiments in the Passion Narrative According to Matthew’, in Richardson, Peter (ed.), Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity, vol. 1 (Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1986), 165–80.Google Scholar
Moscicke, Hans M., ‘Jesus, Barabbas, and the Crowd as Figures in Matthew’s Day of Atonement Typology (Matthew 27:15–26)’, Journal of Biblical Literature 139 (2020), 125–53.Google Scholar
Stökl Ben Ezra, Daniel, The Impact of Yom Kippur on Early Christianity (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003).Google Scholar
Cohen, Shaye J. D., ‘“Those Who Say They Are Jews and Are Not”: How Do You Know a Jew in Antiquity When You See One?’, in The Beginnings of Jewishness: Boundaries, Varieties, Uncertainties (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 2568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankfurter, David, ‘Jews or Not? Reconstructing the “Other” in Rev 2:9 and 3:9’, Harvard Theological Review 94 (2001), 403–25.Google Scholar
Kocar, Alexander, Heavenly Stories: Tiered Salvation in the New Testament and Ancient Christianity (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021), 1943.Google Scholar
Marshall, John W., Parables of War: Reading John’s Jewish Apocalypse (Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Bond, Helen K., Pontius Pilate in History and Interpretation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, Craig A., Jesus and His Contemporaries: Comparative Studies (Leiden: Brill, 2001).Google Scholar
Schröter, Jens, ‘How Close Were Jesus and the Pharisees?’, in Sievers, Joseph, and Levine, Amy-Jill (eds.), The Pharisees (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2021), 220–39.Google Scholar
Vermes, Geza, Jesus the Jew (London: Collins, 1973).Google Scholar
Darr, John A., Herod the Fox: Audience Criticism and Lukan Characterization (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1998).Google Scholar
Gaston, Lloyd, ‘Anti-Judaism and the Passion Narrative in Luke and Acts’, in Richardson, Peter (ed.), Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity, vol. 1 (Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1986), 127–54.Google Scholar
Neyrey, Jerome H., The Passion According to Luke: A Redaction Study of Luke’s Soteriology (New York: Paulist, 1985).Google Scholar
Fredriksen, When Christians Were Jews.Google Scholar
Jervell, Jacob, Luke and the People of God: A New Look at Luke–Acts (Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1972).Google Scholar
Oliver, Isaac W., Luke’s Jewish Eschatology: The National Restoration of Israel in Luke–Acts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, David Andrew, ‘The Jewishness of Luke–Acts: Locating Lukan Christianity amidst the Parting of the Ways’, Journal of Theological Studies 72 (2021), 738–68.Google Scholar
Bieringer, Reimund, Pollefeyt, Dider, and Vandecasteele-Vanneuville, Frederique (eds.), Anti-Judaism and the Fourth Gospel (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cirafesi, Wally V., John within Judaism: Religion, Ethnicity, and the Shaping of Jesus-Oriented Jewishness in the Fourth Gospel (Leiden: Brill, 2021).Google Scholar
Reinhartz, Adele, Cast Out of the Covenant: Jews and Anti-Judaism in the Gospel of John (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2018).Google Scholar
Langer, Ruth, Cursing the Christians? A History of the Birkat HaMinim (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Marcus, Joel, ‘Birkat ha-Minim Revisited’, New Testament Studies 55 (2009), 523–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martyn, J. Louis, History and Theology in the Fourth Gospel, 3rd ed. (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2003).Google Scholar
Reinhartz, Adele, Cast Out of the Covenant: Jews and Anti-Judaism in the Gospel of John (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2018).Google Scholar
Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, Volume VIII: Books 18–19, trans. Louis H. Feldman, Loeb Classical Library 433 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965).Google Scholar
Carleton Paget, James, ‘Some Observations on Josephus and Christianity’, Journal of Theological Studies 52 (2001), 539624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Novenson, Matthew V., ‘Josephus and the New Testament’, in Atkinson, Kenneth (ed.), Oxford Handbook of Josephus (forthcoming).Google Scholar
Olson, K. A., ‘Eusebius and the Testimonium Flavianum’, Catholic Biblical Quarterly 61 (1999), 305–22.Google Scholar
Whealey, Alice, Josephus on Jesus: The Testimonium Flavianum Controversy from Late Antiquity to Modern Times (New York: Peter Lang, 2003).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×