Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T05:27:08.645Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

11 - Imitation in infancy and the acquisition of body knowledge

from Part III - Bodily correspondences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 October 2011

Virginia Slaughter
Affiliation:
University of Queensland
Celia A. Brownell
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Get access

Summary

This chapter is about how the study of imitation in infancy can contribute to our understanding of the origins of body knowledge. If we define imitation as the voluntary reproduction of the movements of another, then imitation clearly requires a good deal of such knowledge. The accomplished imitator must know their own body parts – their locations, their interrelations, the possible movements of each, and how to create those movements (singly and in combination) so as to achieve different actions. They must also be able to recognize and represent all of these same aspects of the body and actions of the person to be imitated, and to reliably map their knowledge of their own body onto those representations.

The study of the origins of imitation, then, could also be one way to study the origins of body knowledge. We say “could” because at this time the literature on imitation in infancy has surprisingly little to say about when and how infants develop the requisite knowledge, motor abilities, and motivation to voluntarily reproduce the behaviors of others. However, we believe that new research focused on the mechanisms that account for the emergence and development of imitation will lead to new discoveries and new theoretical directions. In this chapter, we will present data from one study that we believe illustrates this potential – a case study of the development of behavioral matching in one infant across a 12-month period. Data from this study are especially interesting for what they suggest about how infants acquire the body knowledge and body mappings on which the ability to imitate depends.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abravanel, E.Levan-Goldschmidt, E.Stevenson, M. 1976 Action imitation: The early phase of infancyChild Development 47 1,032CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alberts, J. R. 2008 The nature of nurturant niches in ontogenyPhilosophical Psychology 21 295CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anisfeld, M. 1996 Only tongue protruding modeling is matched by neonatesDevelopmental Review 16 149CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anisfeld, M. 2005 No compelling evidence to dispute Piaget’s timetable of the development of representational imitation in infancyHurley, S.Chater, N.Perspectives on Imitation: From Cognitive Neuroscience to Social ScienceCambridge, MAMIT PressGoogle Scholar
Barr, R.Dowden, A.Hayne, H. 1996 Developmental changes in deferred imitation by 6- to 24-month-old infantsInfant Behavior and Development 19 159CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauer, P. 1998 Development of memory in early childhoodCowan, N.Hulme, C.The Development of Memory in ChildhoodNew YorkPsychology PressGoogle Scholar
Butterworth, G. 1999 Neonatal imitation: Existence, mechanisms and motivesNadel, J.Butterworth, G.Imitation in InfancyNew YorkCambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Elkind, D.Flavell, J. H. 1969 Studies in Cognitive Development: Essays in Honor of Jean PiagetNew YorkOxford University Press
Fontaine, R. 1984 Changes in imitative behavior during early infancyInfant Behavior and Development 9 415Google Scholar
Gergely, G.Bekkering, H.Kiraly, I. 2002 Rational imitation in preverbal infantsNature 415 755CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottlieb, G. 1976 The roles of experience in the development of behavior and the nervous systemGottlieb, G.Neural and Behavioral SpecificitySan Diego, CAAcademic PressGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, G. 2007 Probabilistic epigenesisDevelopmental Science 10 1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heimann, M.Nelson, K. E.Schaller, J. 1989 Neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion and mouth opening: Methodological aspects and evidence of early individual differencesScandinavian Journal of Psychology 30 90CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horne, P. J.Erjavec, M. 2007 Do infants show generalized imitation of gestures?Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behaviour 87 63CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, C.-T.Charman, T. 2005 Gradations of emulation learning in infants’ imitation of actions on objectsJournal of Experimental Child Psychology 92 276CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Humphrey, T. 1970 The development of human fetal activity and its relation to postnatal behaviorReese, H. W.Lipsitt, L. P.Advances in Child Development and BehaviorNew YorkAcademic PressGoogle Scholar
Iacoboni, M.Woods, R. P.Brass, M.Bekkering, H.Mazziotta, J. C. 1999 Cortical mechanisms of human imitationScience 286 2,526CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobson, S. W. 1979 Matching behavior in the young infantChild Development 50 425CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobson, S. W.Kagan, J. 1979 Intepreting “imitative” responses in early infancyScience, New Series 205 215Google Scholar
Jones, S. S. 1996 Imitation or exploration? Young infants’ matching of adults’ oral gesturesChild Development 67 1,952CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, S. S. 2005 Why don’t apes ape more?Hurley, S.Chater, N.Perspectives on Imitation: From Cognitive Neuroscience to Social ScienceCambridge, MAMIT PressGoogle Scholar
Jones, S. S. 2006 Exploration or imitation? The effect of music on 4-week-old infants’ tongue protrusionsInfant Behavior and Development 29 126CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, S. S. 2007 Imitation in infancy: The development of mimicryPsychological Science 18 593CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, S. S. 2009 The development of imitation in infancyPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 346 2,325CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, S. S. 2009 Imitation and empathy in infancyCognition, Brain, Behavior 13 391Google Scholar
Kokkinaki, T. 2003 A longitudinal, naturalistic and cross-cultural study on emotions in early infant–parent imitative interactionsBritish Journal of Developmental Psychology 21 243CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kokkinaki, T.Kugiumutzakis, G. 2000 Basic aspects of vocal imitation in infant–parent interaction during the first 6 monthsJournal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 18 173CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuo, Z. Y. 1932 Ontogeny of embryonic behavior in Aves, Vol. IV. The influence of embryonic movements upon the behavior after hatchingJournal of Comparative Psychology 14 109CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legerstee, M. 1991 The role of person and object in eliciting early imitationJournal of Experimental Child Psychology 51 423CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lehrman, D. S. 1953 A critique of Konrad Lorenz’s theory of instinctive behaviorThe Quarterly Review of Biology 28 337CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masur, E. F. 1998 Mothers’ and infants’ solicitations of imitation during playInfant Behavior and Development 21 559CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masur, E. F.Rodemaker, J. E. 1999 Mothers’ and infants’ spontaneous vocal, verbal, and action imitation during the second yearMerrill-Palmer Quarterly 45 392Google Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. 1985 Immediate and deferred imitation in 14- and 20-month-old infantsChild Development 56 62Google Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. 1988 Infant imitation and memory: 9-month-olds in immediate and deferred testsChild Development 59 217CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. 1988 Infant imitation after a 1-week delay: Long-term memory for novel acts and multiple stimuliDevelopmental Psychology 24 470CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzoff, A. N. 2005 Imitation and other minds: The “like me” hypothesisHurley, S.Chater, N.Perspectives on Imitation: From Neuroscience to Social ScienceCambridge, MAMIT PressGoogle Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. 2007 Like me”: A foundation for social cognitionDevelopmental Science 10 126CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. 2007 The “like me” framework for recognizing and becoming an intentional agentActa Psychologica 124 26CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N.Moore, M. K. 1977 Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonatesScience 198 75CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzoff, A. N.Moore, M. K. 1983 Newborn infants imitate adult facial gesturesChild Development 54 702CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzoff, A. N.Moore, M. K. 1989 Imitation in newborn infants: Exploring the range of gestures imitated and the underlying mechanismDevelopmental Psychology 25 954CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N.Moore, M. K. 1992 Early imitation within a functional framework: The importance of person identity, movement, and developmentInfant Behavior and Development 15 479CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzoff, A. N.Moore, M. K. 1994 Imitation, memory, and the representation of personsInfant Behavior and Development 17 83CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzoff, A. N.Moore, M. K. 1997 Explaining facial imitation: A theoretical modelEarly Development and Parenting 6 1893.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nagy, E.Kompagne, H.Orvos, H.Pal, A. 2007 Gender-related differences in neonatal imitationInfant Child Development 16 267CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, M.Dissnayake, C. 2004 Pretend play, mirror self-recognition and imitation: A longitudinal investigation through the second yearInfant Behavior and Development 27 342CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papousek, M.Papousek, H. 1989 Forms and functions of vocal matching in interactions between mothers and their precanonical infantsFirst Language 9 137CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parton, D. A. 1976 Learning to imitate in infancyChild Development 47 14CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pawlby, S. 1977 Imitative interactionSchaffer, H. R.Studies in Mother–Infant InteractionLondonAcademic PressGoogle Scholar
Piaget, J. 1945 Play, Dreams, and Imitation in ChildhoodNew YorkW. W. NortonGoogle Scholar
Rizzolatti, G.Craighero, L. 2004 The mirror-neuron systemAnnual Review of Neuroscience 27 169CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwier, C.van Maanen, C.Carpenter, M.Tomasello, M. 2006 Rational imitation in 12-month-old infantsInfancy 10 303Google Scholar
Thelen, E.Smith, L. B. 1994 A Dynamic Systems Approach to the Development of Cognition and ActionCambridge, MABradford Books/MIT PressGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M. 1998 Emulation learning and cultural learningBehavioral and Brain Sciences 21 703CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uzgiris, I. C.Hunt, J. McV. 1975 Assessment in InfancyUrbana, ILUniversity of Illinois PressGoogle Scholar
Vallotton, C. D.Harper, L. V. 2006 Why don’t they just let it go?Infant Behaviour and Development 29 373CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Want, S. C.Harris, P. L. 2002 How do children ape? Applying concepts from the study of non-human primates to the developmental study of “imitation” in childrenDevelopmental Science 2 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zmyj, N.Daum, M. M.Aschersleben, G. 2009 The development of rational imitation in 9- and 12-month-old infantsInfancy 14 131CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×