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9 - Off-Site Decontamination

from Part II - Development and Future Issues for the Infrastructure of Disaster Prevention

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 August 2019

Edited by
Teruyuki Nakajima ,
Toshimasa Ohara ,
Mitsuo Uematsu  and
Yuichi Onda
Teruyuki Nakajima
Affiliation:
University of Tokyo
Toshimasa Ohara
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
Mitsuo Uematsu
Affiliation:
University of Tokyo
Yuichi Onda
Affiliation:
University of Tsukuba, Japan
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Summary

The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster released massive amounts of radioactive substances into the environment. For isotopes with short half-lives, the primary safety concerns relate to the impacts on human health by initial exposure relatively soon after the disaster. However, isotopes with long half-lives remain in the environment for a long time; they move through the environment by many pathways and raise concerns regarding the threats to human health and everyday life. To reduce these impacts from the radioactive substances that have been dispersed widely throughout the environment, it is necessary to remove and isolate these substances from the places where people live and work, which is the purpose of decontamination. This chapter discusses the concept of decontamination, the methods used in decontamination, the institutional frameworks for decontamination and the processing and disposal of the soil and waste that is generated by decontamination.

Type
Chapter
Information
Environmental Contamination from the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
Dispersion, Monitoring, Mitigation and Lessons Learned
 , pp. 243 - 256
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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References

Environment Management Bureau, Ministry of the Environment (2012). Summary report of the decontamination model projects for Restricted Areas and Deliberate Evacuation Areas (in Japanese, English edition not available).Google Scholar
IAEA (1999). Technologies for remediation of radioactively contaminated sites. IAEA- TECDOC-1086.Google Scholar
IAEA (2011). Final Report of the International Mission on Remediation of Large Contaminated Areas Off-site the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP, 7–15 October 2011, Japan. www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/final_report151111.pdf (accessed 1 July 2018).Google Scholar
Ministry of the Environment (2011). Decontamination Guidelines, 1st edition (in Japanese, English edition not available).Google Scholar
Ministry of the Environment (2013a). Decontamination Guidelines, 2nd edition. http://bit.ly/2VpJHxu (accessed 1 July 2018) (tentative translation).Google Scholar
Ministry of the Environment (2013b). Effects of decontamination methods in decontamination projects undertaken to date by national and local governments (in Japanese, English edition not available).Google Scholar
Ministry of the Environment (2014a). Report of the decontamination model projects for difficult-to-return areas (in Japanese, English edition not available).Google Scholar
Ministry of the Environment (2014b). Booklet of Interim Storage Facility (ISF) for soil and waste. http://josen.env.go.jp/en/storage (accessed 1 July 2018) (in Japanese, English edition not available).Google Scholar
Ministry of the Environment (2015). Decontamination report: a compilation of experiences to date on decontamination for the living environment conducted by the Ministry of the Environment (MOEJ). http://bit.ly/2VpyzRl (accessed 1 July 2018).Google Scholar

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