Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics Past, Present and Future Hydrological Research for Integrated Land and Water Management
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Symposium and Workshop
- Introduction
- Part I Current trends and perspectives on people–land use–water issues
- Part II Hydrological processes in undisturbed forests
- 10 An overview of the meteorology and climatology of the humid tropics
- 11 Synoptic and mesoscale rain producing systems in the humid tropics
- 12 Climatic variability in the tropics
- 13 Controls on evaporation in lowland tropical rainforest
- 14 Runoff generation in tropical forests
- 15 Erosion and sediment yield in the humid tropics
- 16 Rainforest mineral nutrition: the ‘black box’ and a glimpse inside it
- 17 Hydrology of tropical wetland forests: recent research results from Sarawak peatswamps
- 18 Tropical montane cloud forest: a unique hydrological case
- Part III Forest disturbance, conversion and recovery
- Part IV New methods for evaluating effects of land-use change
- Part V Critical appraisals of best management practices
- Conclusion: Forests, water and people in the humid tropics: an emerging view
- Plate section
- References
15 - Erosion and sediment yield in the humid tropics
from Part II - Hydrological processes in undisturbed forests
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 January 2010
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Symposium and Workshop
- Introduction
- Part I Current trends and perspectives on people–land use–water issues
- Part II Hydrological processes in undisturbed forests
- 10 An overview of the meteorology and climatology of the humid tropics
- 11 Synoptic and mesoscale rain producing systems in the humid tropics
- 12 Climatic variability in the tropics
- 13 Controls on evaporation in lowland tropical rainforest
- 14 Runoff generation in tropical forests
- 15 Erosion and sediment yield in the humid tropics
- 16 Rainforest mineral nutrition: the ‘black box’ and a glimpse inside it
- 17 Hydrology of tropical wetland forests: recent research results from Sarawak peatswamps
- 18 Tropical montane cloud forest: a unique hydrological case
- Part III Forest disturbance, conversion and recovery
- Part IV New methods for evaluating effects of land-use change
- Part V Critical appraisals of best management practices
- Conclusion: Forests, water and people in the humid tropics: an emerging view
- Plate section
- References
Summary
INTRODUCTION
Under natural conditions, sediment loads in rivers are primarily a function of climate and geology. Climate is expressed through the amount, seasonality and intensity of precipitation. Geology is expressed through the surface rocks of the catchment area and the tectonic style of the terrain over which the catchment has developed. The influence of these interactions between climate and geology will be discussed here at both the fundamental continental and major river basin scale and the local catchment scale. The continental scale analysis considers variations in the fundamental drivers of sediment delivery: the supply of erosive energy and the resistance to erosion. The local catchment scale analysis examines how flows and activities within the ecosystems produced by these climatic and geologic drivers influence the sources and delivery of sediment.
INFLUENCE OF TECTONICS AND LITHOLOGY
Although tropical rainforests cover many parts of the Equatorial regions, they extend over great geological diversity, with wide variations in sediment yield. Where tectonics are active, earth movements frequently trigger landslides and thus supply large quantities of sediments to rivers. Active volcanic areas also create large sediment supplies, particularly through ejected ash and its mobilisation in lahars. Lahar flows can contain sediment concentrations as high as 66% by volume and peak discharges of several hundred m3 s-1 (Major et al., 1996; Pierson et al., 1992).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Forests, Water and People in the Humid TropicsPast, Present and Future Hydrological Research for Integrated Land and Water Management, pp. 407 - 421Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2005
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