Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-02T19:31:26.507Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 9 - Insights from culture and emotion research for affective social learning

Emotional enculturation and acculturation

from Part IV - Applications of affective social learning

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2019

By
Jozefien de Leersnyder
Edited by
Daniel Dukes  and
Fabrice Clément
Daniel Dukes
Affiliation:
Université de Fribourg, Switzerland
Fabrice Clément
Affiliation:
Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland
Get access

Summary

In this chapter I revisit the literature on culture and emotion through the lens of affective social learning (ASL). Conceptualizing emotions as evaluations of the world, I consider the different processes through which people come to fit in emotionally with their culture as processes of ASL. By describing how children enculturate and immigrant minorities acculturate emotionally, I thus aim to shed more light on ASL. The main results of this undertaking are not only that culture and emotion are integral to the study of ASL, but also that ASL (i) encompasses many more processes than those initially described; (ii) affects children, immigrant minorities and even adult majorities; and (iii) is, in many cases, multidimensional and context-dependent. In closing the chapter, I outline some of the ways forward for studying ASL, such as further integrating it with other literatures and conducting empirical studies that take into account some of the complexities and contextual factors that may shape both its speed and course. By embarking on this journey, it is my hope (and belief) that ASL may become a mature and multidisciplinary approach that can stimulate novel research to shed light on meaning-making in context.

Keywords

Affective social learningcultureemotionsocializationenculturationacculturation
Type
Chapter
Information
Foundations of Affective Social Learning
Conceptualizing the Social Transmission of Value
 , pp. 205 - 233
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, G., & Markus, H. R. (2004). Toward a conception of culture suitable for a social psychology of culture. In Schaller, M. & Crandall, C. S. (Eds.), The psychological foundations of culture (pp. 335–360). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Barrett, L. F. (2017). How emotions are made: The secret life of the brain. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.Google Scholar
Boiger, M., Ceulemans, E., De Leersnyder, J., Uchida, Y., Norasakkunkit, V., & Mesquita, B. (2018). Beyond essentialism: Cultural differences in emotions revisited. Emotion, 18(8), 1142–1162.Google Scholar
Boiger, M., de Deyne, S., & Mesquita, B. (2013). Emotions in ‘the world’: Cultural practices, products, and meanings of anger and shame in two individualist cultures. Frontiers in Psychology, 4(December), 1–14.Google Scholar
Boiger, M., Güngör, D., Karasawa, M., & Mesquita, B. (2014). Defending honour, keeping face: Interpersonal affordances of anger and shame in Turkey and Japan. Cognition and Emotion, 28(7), 1255–1269.Google Scholar
Boiger, M., Mesquita, B., Uchida, Y., & Barrett, L. F. (2013). Condoned or condemned: The situational affordance of anger and shame in the United States and Japan. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(4), 540–553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caldwell, C. A, & Millen, A. E. (2009). Social learning mechanisms and cumulative cultural evolution. Psychological Science, 20(12), 1478–1483.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, H. H., & Brennan, S. E. (1991). Grounding in communication. In Resnick, L. B., Levine, J. M., & Teasley, S. D. (Eds.), Perspectives on socially shared cognition (pp. 127–149). Washington, DC: APA Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, D., & Gunz, A. (2002). As seen by the other …: Perspectives on the self in the memories and emotional perceptions of Easterners and Westerners. Psychological Science, 13(1), 55–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cole, P. M., Bruschi, C. J., & Tamang, B. L. (2002). Cultural differences in children’s emotional reactions to difficult situations. Child Development, 73(3), 983–996.Google Scholar
Cole, P. M., Tamang, B. L., & Shrestha, S. (2006). Cultural variations in the socialization of young children’s anger and shame. Child Development, 77(5), 1237–1251.Google Scholar
Consedine, N. S., Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E., & Krivoshekova, Y. S. (2014). Emotional acculturation predicts better somatic health: Experiential and expressive acculturation among immigrant women from four ethnic groups. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 33(10), 867–889.Google Scholar
d’Andrade, R. (1984). Cultural meaning systems. In Shweder, R. A. & LeVine, R. A., (Eds.), Culture theory: Essays on mind, self and emotion (pp. 88–119). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
De Leersnyder, J. (2014). Emotional acculturation. Leuven, Belgium: University of Leuven.Google Scholar
De Leersnyder, J., Boiger, M., & Mesquita, B. (2013). Cultural regulation of emotion: Individual, relational, and structural sources. Frontiers in Psychology, 4(February), 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Leersnyder, J., Kim, H., & Mesquita, B. (2015). Feeling right is feeling good: Psychological well-being and emotional fit with culture in autonomy- versus relatedness-promoting situations. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(May), 1–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Leersnyder, J., Kim, H., & Mesquita, B. (in review). My emotions belong here and there: Extending the phenomenon of emotional acculturation to heritage cultural contexts.Google Scholar
De Leersnyder, J., & Mesquita, B. (in review). Emotional frame switching in biculturals: How salient cultural concerns may shape emotion.Google Scholar
De Leersnyder, J., Mesquita, B., & Kim, H. S. (2011). Where do my emotions belong? A study of immigrants’ emotional acculturation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(4), 451–463.Google Scholar
De Leersnyder, J., Mesquita, B., Kim, H., Eom, K., & Choi, H. (2014). Emotional fit with culture: A predictor of individual differences in relational well-being. Emotion, 14(2), 241–245.Google Scholar
Denham, S. A. (1998). Emotional development in young children. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Denham, S. A., Bassett, H. H., & Wyatt, T. (2007). The socialization of emotional competence. In Grusec, J. E & Hastings, P. D. (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (pp. 614–637). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Dressler, W. W. (2012). Cultural consonance: Linking culture, the individual and health. Preventive Medicine, 55(5) 390–393.Google Scholar
Dressler, W. W., Balieiro, M. C., Ribeiro, R. P., & Dos Santos, J. E. (2007). Cultural consonance and psychological distress: Examining the associations in multiple cultural domains. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 31(2), 195–224.Google Scholar
Fischer, A. H., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2008). Social functions of emotion. In Lewis, M., Haviland-Jones, J. M., & Barrett, L. F. (Eds.), Handbook of emotion (3rd ed., pp. 456−468). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Friedlmeier, W., Corapci, F., & Cole, P. M. (2011). Emotion socialization in cross-cultural perspective. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(7), 410–427.Google Scholar
Friedlmeier, W., & Trommsdorff, G. (2002). Emotional kompetenz im kultural vergleich [Emotional competence in cross-cultural comparison]. In von Salisch, M. (Ed.), Emotionale kompetenz entwickelen: Grundlagen in kindheit und jugend (pp. 229–262). Stuttgart, Germany: Kohlhammer.Google Scholar
Frijda, N. H. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Frijda, N. H. (2007). The laws of emotions. New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Frijda, N. H., Kuipers, , & Schure, T. (1989). Relations among emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 212–228.Google Scholar
Fulmer, C. A., Gelfand, M. J., Kruglanski, A. W., Kim-Prieto, C., Diener, E., Pierro, A., & Higgins, E. T. (2010). On ‘feeling right’ in cultural contexts: How person-culture match affects self-esteem and subjective well-being. Psychological Science, 21(11), 1563–1569.Google Scholar
Fung, H. (1999). Becoming a moral child: The socialization of shame among young Chinese children. Ethos, 27(2), 180–209. http://doi.org/10.1525/eth.1999.27.2.180CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garner, P. W., & Estep, K. M. (2001). Emotional competence, emotion socialization, and young children’s peer-related social competence. Early Education and Development, 12, 29–48.Google Scholar
Geangu, E., Benga, O., Stahl, D., & Striano, T. (2010). Contagious crying beyond the first days of life. Infant Behavior and Development, 33, 279–288.Google Scholar
Gelfand, M. J., Raver, J. L., Nishii, L., Leslie, L. M., Lun, J., Lim, B. C., … Yamaguchi, S. (2011). Differences between tight and loose cultures: A 33-nation study. Science, 332(6033), 1100–1104.Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M., Keller, H., Fuligni, A., & Maynard, A. (2003). Cultural pathways through universal development. Annual Review of Psychology, 54(1), 461–490.Google Scholar
Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. In Gross, J. J. (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Grossmann, I., Ellsworth, P. C., & Hong, Y. Y. (2012). Culture, attention, and emotion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(1), 31–36.Google Scholar
Güngör, D., Karasawa, M., Boiger, M., Dinçer, D., & Mesquita, B. (2014). Fitting in or sticking together: The prevalence and adaptivity of conformity, relatedness, and autonomy in Japan and Turkey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(9), 1374–1389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gyurak, A., Gross, J. J., & Etkin, A. (2011). Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: A dual-process framework. Cognition and Emotion, 25(3), 400–412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halberstadt, A. G., Fox, N. A., & Jones, N. A. (1993). Do expressive mothers have expressive children? The role of socialization in children’s affect expression. Social Development, 2, 48–65.Google Scholar
Halberstadt, A. G., & Lozada, F. T. (2011). Emotion development in infancy through the lens of culture. Emotion Review, 3(2), 158–168.Google Scholar
Hardin, C. D., & Higgins, E. T. (1996). Shared reality: How social verification makes the subjective objective. In Higgins, E. T. & Sorrentino, R. M. (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Vol. 3. The interpersonal context (pp. 28–84). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1994). Emotional contagion. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Heine, S. J. (2003). An exploration of cultural variation in self-enhancing and self-improving motivations. In Murphy-Berman, V. & Berman, J. J. (Eds.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Cross-cultural difference sin perspectives on the self (Vol. 49, pp. 118–145). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Henrich, J., Heine, S., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 61–135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Higgins, E. T. (2016). Shared-reality development in childhood. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11, 466–495.Google Scholar
Hochschild, J. L. (1995). What is the American dream? In Hochschild, J. L. (Ed.), Facing up to the American dream: Race, class and the soul of the nation (pp. 15–38). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hong, Y. Y., Morris, M. W., Chiu, C. Y., & Benet-Martínez, V. (2000). Multicultural minds: A dynamic constructivist approach to culture and cognition. American Psychologist, 55(7), 709–720.Google Scholar
Isley, S. L., O’Neil, R., Clatfelter, D., & Parke, R. D. (1999). Parent and child expressed affect and children’s social competence: Modeling direct and indirect pathways. Developmental Psychology, 35, 547–560.Google Scholar
Jasini, A., De Leersnyder, J., Kende, J., Gagliolo, M., Phalet, K., & Mesquita, B. (2018). Tell me your friends and I’ll show you your emotions: A social network study on emotional acculturation, Manuscript under review.Google Scholar
Jasini, A., De Leersnyder, J., Phalet, K., & Mesquita, B. (2018). Tuning in emotionally: Associations of cultural exposure with distal and proximal emotional fit in acculturating youth. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(2), 352–365.Google Scholar
Kashima, Y. (2008). A social psychology of cultural dynamics: Examining how cultures are formed, maintained, and transformed. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(1), 107–120.Google Scholar
Kashima, Y. (2016). Cultural dynamics. Current Opinion in Psychology, 8, 93–97.Google Scholar
Kashima, Y., Klein, O., & Clark, A. E. (2010). Grounding: Sharing information in social interaction. In Fiedler, K. (Ed.), Social communication (pp. 27–77). New York, NY: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Keller, H., Yovsi, R. D., & Voelker, S. (2002). The role of motor stimulation in parental ethnotheories. The case of Cameroonian Nso and German women. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, 398–414.Google Scholar
Keltner, D., & Buswell, B. N. (1997). Embarrassment: Its distinct form and appeasement functions. Psychological Bulletin, 122(3), 250–270.Google Scholar
Kim, H., & Markus, H. R. (1999). Deviance or uniqueness, harmony or conformity? A cultural analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(4), 785–800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., Matsumoto, H., & Norasakkunkit, V. (1997). Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: Self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(6), 1245–1267.Google Scholar
Kitayama, S., Mesquita, B., & Karasawa, M. (2006). Cultural affordances and emotional experience: Socially engaging and disengaging emotions in Japan and the United States. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(5), 890–903.Google Scholar
Koopmann-Holm, B., & Tsai, J. L. (2014). Focusing on the negative: Cultural differences in expressions of sympathy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(6), 1092–1115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuppens, P., van Mechelen, I., Smits, D. J. M., de Boeck, P., & Ceulemans, E. (2007). Individual differences in patterns of appraisal and anger experience. Cognition and Emotion, 21(4), 689–713.Google Scholar
Lebra, T. S. (1992). Self in Japanese culture. In Rosenberger, N. E. (Ed.), Japanese sense of self. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
LeVine, R. A. (2004). Challenging the expert: Findings from an African study on infant care and development. In Gielen, J. P. & Roopnarine, J. L. (Eds.), Advances in applied developmental psychology. Childhood and adolescence: Cross-cultural perspectives and applications (pp. 149–165). Westport, CT: Praeger.Google Scholar
Lewis, C. (1995). Educating hearts and minds. New York, NY: Cambridge Press.Google Scholar
Markus, H. R., & Hamedani, M. G. (2007). Sociocultural psychology. In Kitayama, S. & Cohen, D. (Eds.), Handbook of cultural psychology (pp. 3–39). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224–253.Google Scholar
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1994). The cultural construction of self and emotion: Implications for social behavior. In Kitayama, S. & Markus, H. R. (Eds.), Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence (pp. 89–130). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
McIntyre, A., Lyons, A., Clark, A., & Kashima, Y. (2003). The microgenesis of culture: Serial reproduction as an experimental simulation of cultural dynamics. In Schaller, M. & Crandall, C. (Eds.), The psychological foundations of culture (pp. 227–258). New York, NY: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Mesquita, B. (2003). Emotions as dynamic cultural phenomena. In Davidson, R. J., Scherer, K. R., & Goldsmith, H. H. (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 871–890). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mesquita, B. (2010). Emoting a contextualized process. In Mesquita, B., Barrett, L. F., & Smith, E. R. (Eds.), The mind in context (pp. 83–104). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Mesquita, B., De Leersnyder, J., & Albert, D. (2014). The cultural regulation of emotions. In Gross, J. J. (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd ed., pp. 284–301). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Mesquita, B., de Leersnyder, J., & Jasini, A. (2018). The cultural psychology of acculturation. In Kitayama, S. & Cohen, D. (Eds.), Handbook of cultural psychology (2nd ed., pp. 502–535). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Mesquita, B., Karasawa, M., Haire, A., Satoko, I., Hayashi, A., Idzelis, M., … Kashiwagi, K. (2006). What do I feel? The role of cultural models in emotion representations, 1–54. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Mesquita, B., Vissers, N., & De Leersnyder, J. (2015). Culture and emotion. In Wright, J. & Berry, J. W. (Eds.), International encyclopedia of social and behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Miller, P. J., Wiley, A. R., Fung, H., & Liang, C.-H. (1997). Personal storytelling as a medium of socialization in Chinese and American families. Child Development, 68(3), 557–568.Google Scholar
Morelli, G. A., & Rothbaum, F. M. (2007). Situating the child in context: Attachment relationships and self-regulation in different cultures. In Kitayama, S. & Cohen, D. (Eds.), Handbook of cultural psychology (pp. 500–527). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Morling, B., & Lamoreaux, M. (2008). Measuring culture outside the head: A meta-analysis of individualism-collectivism in cultural products. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12(3), 199–221.Google Scholar
Moscovici, E. L., & Naffrechoux, M. (1969). Influence of a consistent minority on the responses of a majority in a color perception task. Sociometry, 32(4), 365–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newland, R. P., & Crnic, K. A. (2011). Mother–child affect and emotion socialization processes across the late preschool period: Predictions of emerging behaviour problems. Infant and Child Development, 20, 371–388.Google Scholar
Perunovic, W. Q. E., Heller, D., & Rafaeli, E. (2007). Within-person changes in the structure of emotion: The role of cultural identification and language. Psychological Science, 18(7), 607–613.Google Scholar
Ramírez-Esparza, N., Gosling, S. D., Benet-Martínez, V., Potter, J. P., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2006). Do bilinguals have two personalities? A special case of cultural frame switching. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(2), 99–120.Google Scholar
Ross, M., & Wang, Q. (2010). Why we remember and what we remember: Culture and autobiographical memory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(4), 401–409.Google Scholar
Rothbaum, F. M., Pott, M., Azuma, H., Miyake, K., & Weisz, J. R. (2000). The development of close relationships in Japan and the United States: Paths of symbiotic harmony and generative tension. Child Development, 71(5), 1121–1142.Google Scholar
Röttger-Rössler, B., Scheidecker, G., Funk, L., & Holodynski, M. (2015). Learning (by) feeling: A cross-cultural comparison of the socialization and development of emotions. Ethos, 43(2), 187–220.Google Scholar
Ruffman, T., Lorimer, B., & Scarf, D. (2017). Do infants really experience emotional contagion? Child Development Perspectives, 11(4), 270–274.Google Scholar
Ryder, A. G., Alden, L. E., & Paulhaus, D. L. (2000). Is acculturation unidimensional or bidimensional? A head-to-head comparison in the prediction. Interpersonal Relations and Group Processes, 79(1), 49–65.Google ScholarPubMed
Sam, D. L., & Berry, J. W. (2010). Acculturation: When individuals and groups of different cultural backgrounds meet. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(4), 472–481.Google Scholar
Savani, K., Morris, M. W., Naidu, N. V. R., Kumar, S., & Berlia, N. V. (2011). Cultural conditioning: Understanding interpersonal accommodation in India and the United States in terms of the modal characteristics of interpersonal influence situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(1), 84–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartz, S. H., & Ros, M. (1995). Values in the West: A theoretical and empirical challenge to the individualism-collectivism cultural dimension. World Psychology, 1, 99–122.Google Scholar
Smith, M., & Walden, T. (1999). Understanding feelings and coping with emotional situations: A comparison of maltreated and nonmaltreated pre-schoolers. Social Development, 8, 93–116.Google Scholar
Solomon, R. C. (1984). Getting angry: The Jamesian theory of emotion in anthropology. In Shweder, R. A. & LeVine, R. A. (Eds.), Culture theory: Essays on mind, self and emotion (pp. 238–254). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Solomon, R. C. (2004). Thinking about feeling: Contemporary philosophers on emotions. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Stein, N. L., Trabasso, T., & Liwag, M. D. (1993). The representation and organization of emotional experience: Unfolding the emotion episode. In Lewis, M. & Haviland, J. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotion (pp. 279–300). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Stephens, N., Markus, H. R., & Phillips, L. T. (2014). Social class culture cycles: How three gateway contexts shape selves and fuel inequality. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 611–634.Google Scholar
Szczurek, L., Monin, B., & Gross, J. J. (2012). The stranger effect: The rejection of affective deviants. Psychological Science, 23(10), 1105–1111.Google Scholar
Townsend, S. S. M., Kim, H. S., & Mesquita, B. (2013). Are you feeling what I’m feeling? Social Psychology and Personality Science, 37, 451–463.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Trommsdorff, G. (2006). Development of emotions as organized by culture. ISSBD Newsletter, 49, 1–4.Google Scholar
Trommsdorff, G., & Friedlmeier, W. (1993). Control and responsiveness in Japanese and German mother-child interactions. Early Development and Parenting, 2, 65–78.Google Scholar
Trommsdorff, G., (2010). Preschool girls’ distress and mothers’ sensitivity in Japan and Germany. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7, 350–370.Google Scholar
Trommsdorff, G., & Heikamp, T. (2013). Socialization of emotions and emotion regulation in cultural context. In Barnow, S. & Balkir, N. (Eds.), Cultural variations in psychopathology: from research to practice (pp. 67–92). Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe Publishing.Google Scholar
Trommsdorff, G., & Rothbaum, F. (2008). Development of emotion regulation in cultural context. In Vanderkerchkhove, M, van Scheve, C., Ismer, S, Jung, S., & Kronast, S (Eds.), Regulating emotions: Culture, social necessity and biological inheritance (pp. 85–120). Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Tsai, J. L., Knutson, B., & Fung, H. H. (2006). Cultural variation in affect valuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(2), 288–307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsai, J. L., Louie, J. Y., Chen, E. E., & Uchida, Y. (2007). Learning what feelings to desire: Socialization of ideal affect through children’s storybooks. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(1), 17–30.Google Scholar
Tsai, J. L., Miao, F. F., & Seppala, E. (2007). Good feelings in Christianity and Buddhism: Religious differences in ideal affect. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(3), 409–421.Google Scholar
Tsai, J. L., Miao, F. F., Seppala, E., Fung, H. H., & Yeung, D. Y. (2007). Influence and adjustment goals: Sources of cultural differences in ideal affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1102–1117.Google Scholar
Valiente, C., Eisenberg, N., Shepard, S. A., Fabes, R. A., Cumberland, A. J., Losoya, S. H., & Spinrad, T. L. (2004). The relations of mothers’ negative expressivity to children’s experience and expression of negative emotion. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 215–235.Google Scholar
van Kleef, G. A. (2016). The interpersonal dynamics of emotion: Toward an integrative theory of emotions as social information. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Vander Wege, B., González, M. L. S., Friedlmeier, W., Mihalca, L. M., Goodrich, E., & Corapci, F. (2014). Emotion displays in media: A comparison between American, Romanian, and Turkish children’s storybooks. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1–12.Google Scholar
Verkuyten, M., & Pouliasi, K. (2006). Biculturalism and group identification: The mediating role of identification in cultural frame switching. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(3), 312.Google Scholar
Vignoles, V. L., Owe, E., Becker, M., Smith, P. B., Easterbrook, M. J., Brown, R., … Villamar, J. A. (2016). Beyond ‘West versus East’: Global variation in cultural models of selfhood. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 145(8), 966–1000.Google Scholar
Wang, Q. (2007). ‘Remember when you got the big, big bulldozer?’ Mother–child reminiscing over time and across cultures. Social Cognition, 25(4), 455–471.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×