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Chapter 13 - Artificial Ventilation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2022

By
Vicky Lester
Edited by
Daniel Rodger ,
Kevin Henshaw ,
Paul Rawling  and
Scott Miller
Daniel Rodger
Affiliation:
Senior Lecturer in Perioperative Practice, London South Bank University
Kevin Henshaw
Affiliation:
Associate Head of Allied Health Professions, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk
Paul Rawling
Affiliation:
Senior Lecturer in Perioperative Practice, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk
Scott Miller
Affiliation:
Consultant Anaesthetist, St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust
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Summary

This chapter provides an overview of artificial ventilation, an intervention that has developed from a basic resuscitation technique to highly sophisticated intensive care ventilators used today. Artificial ventilation is provided to unconscious patients, whether unconsciousness was caused by a medical problem (e.g., head injury) or by anaesthesia. Ventilation is usually provided through an endotracheal tube, via a breathing system which is attached to a ventilator. A heat and moisture exchange filter is used to warm and humidify the gases that reach the patient. The healthcare professional caring for the patient will adjust various parameters to ensure the ventilation strategy is appropriate for each patient and their specific needs. Positive-pressure ventilation is used to push gases into the airways of the patient and allow gas exchange to occur. Ventilators may have several different modes for delivering breaths to patients but usually are based around limiting tidal volume or peak inspiratory pressure. Artificial ventilation can affect many different physiological systems particularly the heart and blood vessels, the brain, and the kidneys.

Keywords

Artificial ventilationPositive pressure ventilationTidal volumePositive end expiratory pressureHeat and moisture exchangeHumidityVentilator parameters
Type
Chapter
Information
Fundamentals of Operating Department Practice , pp. 134 - 142
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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References

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Corp, A., Thomas, C., and Adlam, M.. The cardiovascular effects of positive pressure ventilation. BJA Education 2021; 21: 202–209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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