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Chapter 23 - HLA and narcolepsy

from Section 5 - Narcolepsyand hypersomnias

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2013

By
Katsushi Tokunaga  and
Makoto Honda
Edited by
Paul Shaw ,
Mehdi Tafti  and
Michael J. Thorpy
Paul Shaw
Affiliation:
University of Washington, St Louis
Mehdi Tafti
Affiliation:
University of Lausanne
Michael J. Thorpy
Affiliation:
Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York
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Summary

This chapter reviews the contribution of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule in narcolepsy in terms of genetic association, relationship to clinical characteristics, autoimmune hypothesis and molecular mechanisms. The HLA genotype has been related to sleep, even in healthy subjects. In 1983, a strong association was reported in Japanese narcolepsy patients with HLA. Narcolepsy is not limited to the core symptoms of lapsing into sleep and cataplexy, but also exhibits wide range of associated symptoms that are somatic and neuropsychiatric. Among known HLA-related diseases, the relative risk of narcolepsy is extremely high. Although, there is no direct evidence for autoimmunity, studies of environmental factors in narcolepsy have suggested that previous infectious diseases could be a trigger to develop narcolepsy. Association with the HLA complex is not limited to narcolepsy, and over 100 types of diseases are known to show significant associations with HLA.

Keywords

hydroxymethylationRNA editingsleep disorderchromatincircadian rhythmsDNA methylation
Type
Chapter
Information
The Genetic Basis of Sleep and Sleep Disorders , pp. 235 - 241
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

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